Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What are Intermolecular Forces? How many are there?

A

Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) are forces that hold atoms together within a molecule

There are 4 types of IMFs, they are:

  • London Dispersion Forces (weakest)
  • Dipole-Dipole Forces
  • Hydrogen-Bonding Forces
  • Ion-Dipole Forces (strongest)

(Disperson and Dipole-Dipole forces are Van der Waals forces)

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2
Q

What are London Dispersion Forces?

A
  • Weakest IMF
  • Van Der Waals force
  • Exists in all compounds
  • Only IMF present for Nonpolar Covalent molecules
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3
Q

What are Dipole-Dipole forces?

A
  • Second-weakest IMF
  • Van der Waals force
  • Exists in Polar Covalent molecules
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4
Q

What are Hydrogen-Bonding forces?

A
  • Second-strongest IMF
  • Exists when Hydrogen is bonded to Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Flourine (H + N, O, F)
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5
Q

What are Ion-Dipole forces?

A
  • Strongest IMF
  • Exists in mixtures of Ionic & Polar Compounds
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6
Q

What are trends of IMFs related to strength?

A

As IMF strength increases:

  • Melting/Boiling Point increases
  • Surface Tension increases
  • Viscocity increases
  • Capillary Action increases
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7
Q

What is Surface Tension?

A

“Skin” on surface of a liquid that allows it to resist external force

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8
Q

What is Viscocity?

A

Resistance of a liquid to flow

(peanut butter has a greater viscocity than water)

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9
Q

What is Capillary Action?

What is Cohesion? What is Adhesion?

A

Liquid’s ability to flow against gravity up a narrow tube

  • Can only occur when a liquid’s adhesion is greater than its cohesion

  • Cohesion: Attraction between molecules within a liquid
  • Adhesion: Attraction between liquid and external molecules
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