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AP Vet > Intro/Adaptation Quiz > Flashcards

Intro/Adaptation Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

ethologists

A

trained in zoology, focused on evolution in one species to understand the behavior of that one species, started in England

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2
Q

behaviorists

A

trained in psychology, focused on how the environment affected the behavior of animals of the same species, started in north america, used animal behaviors

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3
Q

the greats

A

lorenz, tinberg, von frisch though that all animals are born with the ability to form any behavior you will need for the rest of your life, they were ethologists

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4
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Every animal will make decisions based on (good/bad) consequences
Figured out by use of ‘Skiner Box’ by Skiner

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5
Q

Von Frisch

A

studied the dance of bees

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6
Q

Tinbergen 4 ideas

A

Causation
Development
Evolution
Function

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7
Q

Tinbergen 4 Questions

A

Mechanism that causes the behavior?
Behavior develop?
Function of behavior?
How did behavior evolve?

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8
Q

Bergmanns Rule

A

Smaller sized breeds of a given species are found in warmer parts of their range

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9
Q

Obervational, experimental, and comparative methods of animal behavior studies

A

Observational method=scientists observe and record the behavior of organisms without manipulating the environment or the animal.
Experimental method=scientists manipulate or change a variable to examine how it affects the behavior of the animals.
Comparative method=scientists examine differences and similarities between species to understand the evolution of behaviors.

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10
Q

Population regulated

A

With factors such as starvation, disease, predators, natural disasters

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11
Q

Natural selection

A

Proposed by Alfred Russell Wallace
Natural selection is the differential reproduction and survivorship among individuals in a population and results in adaptive evolution

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12
Q

Kin selection and altruism

A

Kin selection is known to be a form of natural selection. Individuals can increase their fitness by helping close relative, because close relative share the helper’s gener. This is used to explain altruism. Altruism is a type of adaptation that benefits the whole, not the individual.

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13
Q

Why study animal behavior

A

We think they cannot talk
We are trying to understand what they are doing and why
Great interest in animals
We rely on them for a lot

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14
Q

Ethology

A

Study of behavior

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15
Q

Lorenz

A

Instinctive behavior in birds. Especially imprinting

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16
Q

Fixed action pattern

A

Fixed action patterns are a performance of behavior that occurs the same way every single time the animal sees the “sign stimuli”/same situation. It is an innate releasing mechanism.

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17
Q

What is the difference between ethologists and behaviorists?

A

An ethologist is concerned with identifying and describing species-species specific behaviors and trained in zoology. A behaviorist is trained in psychology and rejected the notion of instinct.

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18
Q

Please define “operant conditioning”

A

Operant conditioning is the ideology that behavior is controlled by consequences both good and bad. It suggests that animals will always perform in a way that provides them the greatest reward and avoids punishment.
Skiner

19
Q

Define stereotypic behavior

A

Also known as captivity-induced behavior anomalies. An animal acts a certain way from captivity.
EX: head bobbing, weaving, pawing

20
Q

Nobel Prize date

A

1972

21
Q

Ethogram

A

inventory of animal behaviors

22
Q

Time budget

A

Measure of the behavior divided by the overall time spent observing the animal

23
Q

Aristotle

A

He had a lot of different ideas
Philosopher
Everything came from god
Humans were humans cb god wanted humans to be humans
Darwin said no god has nothing to do with anything
Evolution to darwin was a change in allele frequencies over time because of natural selection

24
Q

Skinner Operant conditioning

A

Idea that animals will act in a way that gives them the best consequence (want good, avoid bad)

25
Q

Von frisch Dancing bees

A

The dance shows the bee friends where all of the pollen is that he got

26
Q

Lorenz

A

Imprinting
Birds
All behaviors are nature
Species-specific behavior

27
Q

Tinbergen

A 
Little of everything
Everything was instinct/nature
Fixed action pattern
4 things and 4 questions
Gray leg goose
28
Q

Time budget

A 
Little of everything
Everything was instinct/nature
Fixed action pattern
4 things and 4 questions
Gray leg goose
29
Q

Time budget

A

Measure of a behavior divided by the overall time spent looking at the animal
This person studied for 10 out of 24 hours, divide them, the percent is used as the time budget

30
Q

Stereotypies

A

Behaviors that animals do/engage in that have no reason
Study the welfare of an animal, especially in a zoo
A lot=something wrong

31
Q

Adaptation

A

Animals that are/were able to adapt to environments and pass the traits on to the animals today
EX: stags only large antlered stags no more small antlered stags

32
Q

Natural selection

A

The differential reproduction that results in adaptive evolution
Fitness:
Survivorship of the offspring

33
Q

Alfred russell wallace

A

1st to suggest evolution

34
Q

A trait to be adaptive it has to be heritable

A

Traits can differ in survivorship

Fitness of individuals

35
Q

Kin selection and altruism

A

Altruism:
You are going to put yourself in harm’s way in order to help other animals
Kin selection:
Describes altruism
Reasons is an animal might say I’m going to put myself in harms way but my brother/sister is over there and the genes is gonna get passed down because they are going to live
Inclusive fitness you are going to help a sibling because we benefit from it

36
Q

Darwin

A

Hummingbirds have bills that fits the flower that the feed on
Conservative traits do not change relatively over time

37
Q

If an animal cannot adapt

A

it can result in extinction

38
Q

Basic necessities of animals

A

Prioritization of needs is based on what that animal needs in that time

39
Q

Population will explode when…

A

everything is good for the species

40
Q

Observational

A

when you watch and observe something

41
Q

Experimental

A

a control variable, might be in a lab, chagning envionment

42
Q

Conparative

A

trying to understanding similar species and comparing similarities and differences

43
Q

2 adaptations:

A

Glogers rule: mammals and aves in warm, humid regions have more melanin pigmentation
Bergmanns rule: small sized breeds are found in warmer parts of their range

AP Vet (10 decks)

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