Intro

Question 0

KCL

Answer 0

expands extracellular by pumping K into cells and Na out–>water follows

Question 1

Nacl is ____ to plasma

Answer 1

isotonic; does not enter cells

Question 2

what is the charge on the basement membrane?

Answer 2

negative

Question 3

creatinine is a good marker of

Answer 3

GFR because it is secreted but not reabsorbed

Question 4

what is reabsobed in PT?

Answer 4

Na
glucose (almost all)
HCo3

Question 5

Descending LOH

Answer 5

permeable to water–dilutes

Question 6

ascending portion

Answer 6

Na out of urine via Na/K/2Cl transporter –> concentrates Na in medulla WITHOUT water

*loops block it

Question 7

DCT

Answer 7

reabs NaCl with NaCl co-transporter–urine becomes dilute
also reabs Ca

*thiazides block
and increased Ca reabs with thiazides

Question 8

Collecting Duct principal cells

Answer 8

aldosterone dep Na channels that are blocked by K sparring diuretics

Question 9

CD + ADH

Answer 9

ADH increases permeability via increasing aquaporins

Question 10

intercalated cells in CD

Answer 10

acid secretion

Question 11

CD is also a major site of

Answer 11

K secretion

Question 12

A2 and Bicarb

Answer 12

A2 increases HCO3 reabs in PT

Question 13

vascular diseases early on and later

Answer 13

early on: change in GFR but not filtration barrier or tubular fx so urine content is normal
later: protein starts t get in urine, creatinine retained

Question 14

tubulointerstitial disease

Answer 14

affect tubular function, so produce abnormal urine composition while GFR is maintained

eventually tubular necrosis will block flow and decrease GFR

Question 15

glomerular disrase

Answer 15

filtration barrier issues; protein and blood in urine as well as decrease GFR
nephortic, nephritic

Question 16

nephrotic syndrome hallmarks

Answer 16

proteinuria
edema
hypoalbuminemia

Question 17

nephritis

Answer 17

hematuria
dysmorphic RBC
may or may not have proteinuria