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VSCI > INTRO > Flashcards

INTRO Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific study of animal behavior

A

Ethology

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2
Q

Factors that animals cannot control

A

Internal stimuli

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3
Q

Factors that animals can react in response to (ex: not / cold temperature)

A

External stimuli

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4
Q

Movement that animal makes in response to external or internal stimuli

A

Behavior

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5
Q

Describing behavior in an animal’s natural habitat, comparing similar behaviors in closely related species

A

Classical ethology

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6
Q

Observation and recording of animal behavior

A

Ethogram

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7
Q

Immediate reason or cause for behavior

A

Causation

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8
Q

Development of an animal throughout its lifespan

A

Ontogeny

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9
Q

Progeny

A

Offspring

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10
Q

Measure of reproductive success

A

Fitness

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11
Q

Ability to leave progeny in the next generation

A

Fitness

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12
Q

Behavior that appears in fully functional form the first time it is performed

A

Instinct

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13
Q

The basic unit of heredity

A

Gene

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14
Q

Basis of characteristic processes of growth,development, and reproduction

A

Gene

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15
Q

Observable characteristics/ behavior

A

Phenotype

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16
Q

Unique combination of genes possessed by no other animals unless it has an identical twin

A

Genotype

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17
Q

Alters behavior by increasing growth rate sexual maturity

A

Hybridization

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18
Q

Application of the body of knowledge about behavior to practical problems and situations

A

Applied animal behavior

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19
Q

Study on animal learning and attempts to elucidate laws of behavior by studying laboratory species

A

Animal psychology

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20
Q

Explains the changes occurring within the species

A

Natural selection

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21
Q

Selection of individuals that were most fit

A

Natural selection

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22
Q

2 major types of change under natural selection

A

Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution

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23
Q

Interaction of genes and environment in which each phase of development sets the age for the next

A

Epigenesis

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24
Q

_____ influences upon development are most important just after birth or hatching

A

Environment

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25
Q

Process of learning that occurs at a particular stage of development

A

Imprinting

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26
Q

Evolutionary phenomenon involving changes in the gene pool of population

A

Domestication

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27
Q

Breeding care, and feeding of animal more or less controlled by man

A

Domestication

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28
Q

First domesticated animal

A

Dog

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29
Q

Animals that have never been domesticated

A

Wild animals

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30
Q

Animals that have lost their fear in man

A

Tamed animals

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31
Q

Animals that were one time domesticated but are no longer cared for by man

A

Feral

32
Q

Behavioral changes under domestication (4)

A

Loss of pair bonding
Loss of broodiness
Reduced flightiness& aggressiveness
Extension of breeding season

33
Q

An animal’s _____ is the product of its genetic composition the environment in which the animal functions, and the animal’s experience

A

Behavior

34
Q

5 freedoms equally important for family pets

A

Hunger and thirst
Discomfort
Pain, injury, or disease
Fear and distress
Freedom to express normal species behavior

35
Q

Show dysfunction in action and behavior

A

Abnormal behavior

36
Q

Agonistic behavior

A

Aggression

37
Q

Is an endogenous timing system that continues without any external cues and controls the activities of plants and animals

A

Biological clock

38
Q

4 biological rhythms

A

Circadian
Circatidal
Circalunar
Circannual

39
Q

3 types of circadian rhythm’s

A

Diurnal
Nocturnal
Crepuscular

40
Q

2 types of crepuscular animals

A

Matutinal
Vespertine

41
Q

Behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle

A

Circadian rhythms

42
Q

Active by day

A

Diurnal

43
Q

Active by night

A

Nocturnal

44
Q

Active by dusk/dawn.

A

Crepuscular

45
Q

Crepuscular animals active at dawn

A

Matutinal

46
Q

Crepuscular animals active at dusk

A

Vespertine

47
Q

Rhythms are cycles synchronized by tides

A

Circatidal

48
Q

Rhythmic behavior with a period of a lunar month

A

Circalunar

49
Q

often associated with migratory behaviors, hibernation, dormancy, etc

A

Circannual rhythms

50
Q

Traits favoring animal domestication (5)

A

Stable dominance relationship
Sexual dimorphism
Rapid bonding of mother to young
Precocial development
Adaptable to change

51
Q

Heterogenous group of behaviors that include both stereotypies and compulsive/ impulsive behaviors

A

Abnormal repetitive behaviors

52
Q

Any of the behaviors that are maladaptive, repetitive or fixed, and pathologically abnormal

A

Abnormal repetitive behavior

53
Q

Anticipation of future danger or misfortune

A

Anxiety

54
Q

Arises when a pet has competing motivations more than one opposing behavior

A

Conflict

55
Q

The animal is unable -physically or behaviorally -to execute another activity or otherwise occupy itself

A

Displacement behavior

56
Q

The behavior may be out of context with the situation

A

Displacement behavior

57
Q

Competitive control over a resource in a limited circumstance and to the ability of a higher-ranking animal to displace a lower-ranking one from that resource

A

Dominance

58
Q

Feeling of apprehension associated with the presence or proximity of an object, individual or social situation

A

Fear

59
Q

When an animal is motivated to engage in a sequence of behaviors that is unable to complete because of physical and psychological obstacles in the environment

A

Frustration

60
Q

When individuals in one species, or closely related species, acquire enough variations in their traits that it leads to two distinct new species

A

Divergent evolution

61
Q

When two unrelated species develop similar traits because they live in similar environments

A

Convergent evolution

62
Q

Involve sudden, all-or-nothing, profound, abnormal responses that result in extremely fearful behaviors

A

Phobia

63
Q

When the animal is in a state of emotional arousal and is unable to reach the appropriate target, the behavior can be redirected to an alternative target if the animal is interrupted

A

Redirected behavior

64
Q

Persevering repetition of behaviors that are unvaried in sequence and have no obvious purpose or function

A

Stereotypic behaviors

65
Q

When an animal is highly motivated to perform an instinctive behavior but there is no available outlet

A

Vacuum activity

66
Q

Ethology is made up of 2 Greek words + meaning

A

Ethos - habit
Logos - study

67
Q

Most common examples of animal behavior

A

Feeding
Courtship
Nesting
Migration
Hunting
Aggression
Breeding activity
Territorial behavior

68
Q

Alters behavior by changing The gene construction of the nucleus, leading to differences from parent forms

A

Mutation

69
Q

May be the next domesticated animal

A

Sheep

70
Q

What percentage of animals are nocturnal

A

70%

71
Q

Why do nocturnal animals tend to be active at night?

A

To evade predators and hunt with less competition

72
Q

What do circadian rhythms affect in animals?

A

Sleeping and feeding patterns
Brain have activity
Hormone production
Other biological activities

73
Q

How often do circatidal rhythms occur?

A

Roughly twice per day

74
Q

What causes circannual rhythms?.

A

Tilt of the earth’s axis, causing seasonal changes

75
Q

Determinants of animal behavior

A

Natural selection
Genetics
Environment
Domestication

VSCI (13 decks)

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