Behavior Towards Predators And Social Attackers

Question 1

All wild animals are subject to attack by _____ and _____

Answer 1

Predators, parasites

Question 2

Two basic types of defense mechanisms

Answer 2

Primary defense mechanisms
Secondary defense mechanisms

Question 3

8 primary defense mechanisms

Answer 3

1. Hiding in holes
2. Use of crypsis
3. Mimicry of inedible objects
4. Exhibition of a warning of danger to predators
5. Mimicry of individuals in category immediately above
6. Timing activities to minimize the chance of detection by a predator
7. Remaining in a situation where any predator attack is likely to be unsuccessful because of possibilities for secondary defense
8. Maintaining vigilance to maximize the chance of detecting the advent of a predator

Question 4

Operates regardless of whether or not there is a predator in the vicinity

Answer 4

Primary defense mechanism

Question 5

Operates during an encounter with a predator

Answer 5

Secondary defense mechanism

Question 6

Used when a predator is detected, when detection is supposed or when an actual attack occurs

Answer 6

Secondary defense mechanism

Question 7

7 types of active secondary defense mechanisms

Answer 7

1. Exaggerating primary defense
2. Withdrawal to a safe retreat
3. Flight and evasion
4. Use of a display that deters attack
5. Feigning death
6. Behavior that deflects attack
7. Retaliation

Question 8

The most obvious avoidance reaction

Answer 8

Flight

Question 9

Ex: rabbits resting in holes

Answer 9

Hiding in holes

Question 10

Ability of an organism to conceal itself especially from a predator by having a color, pattern, and shape that allows it to blend into the surrounding environment

Answer 10

Use of crypsis

Question 11

Ex: moths that are difficult to see on a tree trunk or mammalian prey species that minimize their body odors

Answer 11

Use of crypsis

Question 12

Ex: caterpillars that looks like bird droppings

Answer 12

Mimicry of inedible objects

Question 13

Ex: skunk discoloration

Answer 13

Exhibition of a warning of danger to predators

Question 14

Ex: flies that look like bees

Answer 14

Mimicry of individuals in category immediately above

Question 15

Ex: being active at night

Answer 15

Timing activities to minimize the chance of detection by a predator

Question 16

Ex: rabbits feeding near their holes or small antelope grazing near thorn bushes

Answer 16

Remaining in a situation where any predator attack is likely to be unsuccessful because of possibilities for secondary defense

Question 17

Ex: sheep spending time looking, sniffing, and listening for predators

Answer 17

Maintaining vigilance to maximize the chance off detecting the advent of a predator

Question 18

Ex: a camouflaged caterpillar remaining entirely motionless when a predator approaches

Answer 18

Exaggerating primary defense

Question 19

Ex: rabbit running to its burrow or an armadillo curling up

Answer 19

Withdrawal to a safe retreat

Question 20

Ex: hare running and jinking when pursued by a dog

Answer 20

Flight and evasion

Question 21

Ex: moths moving wings to reveal large eyespots

Answer 21

Use of display that deters attack

Question 22

Ex: american opossums and many birds, including chickens acting dead

Answer 22

Feigning death

Question 23

Ex: some butterfly eye markings that deflect bird pecks away from the body, and broken wing displays by plovers that deflect predators away from the nest

Answer 23

Behavior that deflects attack

Question 24

Ex: biting, butting, or chemical secretions

Answer 24

Retaliation

Question 25

The animals flee in their normal traveling order, in which a high-ranking individual female is usually the leader

Answer 25

Controlled

Question 26

When panic occurs there is flight without commitment to any order

Answer 26

Uncontrolled