intro Flashcards
How do we acquire knowledge
Sensation, perception, attention. (Filters, multitasking etc.)
How do we store knowledge
Memory (knowledge/expertise)
How do we use knowledge
Reasoning, problem solving, decision making, language (take the knowledge from the world and create something w/ it)
What QS cog psych and what does it look@
How your brain works and how you think, looks @ behavior and making inferences
Donders found that presenting a ____ causes a _____ response which leads to a ______ response.
stimulus, mental, behavioural
Order these for history of psychology:
Behaviorism, cognitive psychology, introspection, philosophy
Philosophy, introspection, behaviorism, cog psych
Nativism
You’re born w/ knowledge (Plato)
Empiricism
Knowledge is learned (aristotle)
It stems from experience
Studied w/ experimentation and observation
Who was the first to perform a cog psych experiment and what did it look like
Donders
Demonstrated mental processes are not instantaneous
Measured people’s reaction time
1. light goes on, they press button
2. 2 lights and two buttons
3. Compared both reaction times using subtraction method
Introspection
- breaking down experiments by asking questions
- raised questions of structuralism and functionalism
Structuralism
- wants to organize info into basic elements
- Wilhelm Wunt (periodic table of consciousness)
Functionalism
- everything is to help you adapt and survive
- William James
What did Wilhelm Wunt embrace
- Structuralism
- Wanted to explain conscious processes and experience and organize into elements
What did William James embrace
- Functionalism
- Wanted to know how the mind functions and adapts to new circumstances
- Wrote books on how thinking process occurs
What are problems with introspection
- you cant test a theory with subjective observations
- People dont always know what theyre thinking
- biases
- things occur so fast they cannot be reported
- subconscious thinking
Behaviourism
- links psych to hard sciences
- focus: what happens in the environment and how people react to it
-no guessing, hard evidence only - experimentation
what approach is focused on observable, quantifiable behaviour and NOT thoughts, the mind and consciousness
behaviourism
Famous people for behaviourism
- John B Watson: only behaviour is objectively observable
- BF Skinner: watson’s student, explain behaviour by breaking down extreme connections into simpler ones, saw behaviourism as philosophy of psych, describes relationships of patterns of reinforcement and behaviour
What approach believed that all behaviour could be broken down into simple lawful relationships between stimulus and response
behaviourism
which approach believed everyone started off with a blank slate (Tabula Rasa) and could be trained to do anything
Behaviourism
what is the downfall of behaviourism
- conditioning doesnt explain everything, as some form unpredicted association (ex: animals create links between stimuli and rewards)
- Language, its generative and is not just copying (not following stimuli-response-reward notions)
- Real world problems (ex pilots being overwhelmed by information
What did Newell and Simon compare humans to
- Computers
- A know wide used metaphor for whats going on inside the mind
Building on Newell and Simon, Chomsky discussed ____ as inherited rule governed system
language (theory of processing accounts for language acquisition)
Off Chomsky and Newell and simon, who presented work on short term memory?
- Miller
- Limited number of resources dedicated to different processes and using many at once is not effective, limited for how much can be stored and processed
