Intro Flashcards
Key features of a dose responsive curve
The dose by which toxicosis can occur. The dose that makes the poison aka.
What does lethal dose mean? (LD50)?
Lethal dose 50 or median lethal dose; defines dosage lethal to 50% of animals exposed. Usually injection or oral.
What are the comprehensive approaches and key interventions used in treating the intoxicated patients including:
- Phone triage
- stabilization
- evaluation
- prevention of continued exposure
- toxicant removal
- antidote (reversal)
- Supportive therapy
- remove the source, whats time of exposure, get package label, initiate vomiting (IF appropriate)
- Tx the p not the poison.
- stabilize vital signs by focusing on ABCs (Airway, breathing, circ.)
- lab samples and diagnostics, hx, clinical signs
- emesis induction avoid table salts, enemas, gastric lavage, activated charcoal
- Chemical, function, receptor, dispositional antidote classes exist
- Monitor vital signs and do supportive care
What does LC 50 mean?
Lethal concentration
Lethal concentration means….
the concentration or median lethal concentration in aquatic animals (xenobiotic culture administered in water) that is lethal to 50% of the animals exposed.
Toxicity refers to the amount of poison or potency T/F
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What is the most common route of toxicant exposure?
Ingestion
What is a threshold dose?
Dose less than or equal to have no detrimental effects measured. Most toxic responses increase in severity with increasing amounts of toxicants.
What are the factors effecting target organ susceptibility??
Route of exposure, chemical/xenobiotic properties, organ defense mechanisms
What is the most rapid actions in order from most to least?
IV>inhalantion>Intraperitoneal>IM>SubQ>PO>transdermal
What are the factors affecting oral intoxication?
Weight of exposed animal, quantity of toxicant consumed, rate of intake (will influence intoxication/detoxification/accumulation)
Quantity of toxicant consumed varies by these factors:
Species/breed, age, size, exercise, physiological status (pregnant or not, lactating or not, for example), weather, temp, concentration of Xenobiotic in food or water
Differ enteral vs. parental routes of administration:
Enteral–> compound placed directly into GI tract
Parental–> compound is administered via route that bypasses the GI tract (IV, IM, SubQ, Inhalation, transdermal for ex.)
Describe the first pass effect of metabolism:
Compounds absorbed from the GI tract go into portal circulation and are metabolized in the liver before entrance into the systemic circ. sys.
Can significantly decrease the bioavailability of a compound.
Most drugs/compounds are excreted in the ____ following metabolism.
urine
