Bites and Stings Flashcards
Bite characteristics of the black widow:
What does their venom contain and what is its MOA??
Venom has latrotoxins which are neutrotoxin proteins that increase presynaptic intracellular Ca and promote neureotrans release. Prevents Ach reuptake and a single bite can be lethal
TX of black widow bites:
Supportive care, relief of muscle pain (morphine and benzos), antivenom (Acalatro which is horse serum based, can cause anaphylaxis, slow infusion req. to decrease infusion related allergic rxns)
Brown recluse bites contain what type of venom? What is its MOA?
Phospholipases, proteases, esterases, collagenases, hyaluronase, dermonecrosis factors, and sphigomyelinase D
Brown recluse bites TX:
No antivenom available in US, wound care, experimental methods like Dapsone (an anti-inflammation and immunomodulatory via myeloperoxidase inhibition), steroids can be used but their use is controversial
What are the two families of poisonous snakes in the US?
Crotalidae (rattlesnake, copperhead, cottonmouth), Elapidae (coral snake)
___ ____ are the largest group of venomous snakes in the US
Pit vipers
What snake is responsible for the majority of bites?
Copperheads
Crotalinae venom (pit vipers) Lethality of their bite includes what three characteristics?
- endoth. damage
- fibrinogenolysis
- platelet aggregation
T/F cats are more resistant to snake bites than dogs but usually present in worse condition.
True!!
a 1-2 fang mark bite with pain, edema and systemic clinical signs with progression being spreading edema, ecchymosis, vesiculation, bullae, and necrosis is likely due to a bite from what snake family??
Crotalinae snakes
Systemic effects of pit viper envenomation–>
Hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, decreased clotting factors, DIC like syndromes, SHOCK***, end stage organ dysfunction
Shock= what sp. of snake bit this p?
Pit viper
Snake bites severity scoring. 0= WNL, 3/4 = severe, list then per bodily system:
Pulm system, CV system, GI system, and CNS 0-3, local wounds, hematological system 0-4
When should you reeval. the snake bite severity scoring while p is in your care?
Q 6 hrs, 12 hrs, and 24 hrs post initial hospitalization
Should you extract the venom for first aid care of a snakebite?
HELL NAH.
What are the two types of antivenom?
Wyeth Polyvalent (horse serum IgG) and Crofab (sheep FaB antibody, lower incidence of allergic rxns/serum sickness)
What the name of the pit viper venom vax
Crotalus Atrox Toxcoid (rattlesnake vaccine)
What is unique of the elapidae venom (coral snake) venom?
It causes neurotoxicity and is an Ach receptor blockade with fewww local symptoms
Hymenoptera stings include which 3?
Bees, wasps/hornets, fire ants
What is different about the fire ant venom than bee venom for stings?
They are mostly composed if alkaloids rather than proteins and peptides
Wasps venoms contain ______ which causes immediate pain, increased vasc. perm. and edema
Waspkinins
Bee venom contains ____ ____, histamine, ____, mast cell degranulation, peptides, sugars, and ____
Cytotoxic enzymes, dopamine, lipids
TX of hymenoptera stings:
Removal of stinger if present (honeybees leave stinger whereas wasps and hornets do not). Cold compress, pain management PRN, Antihistamines for acute swelling and watch for any signs of anaphylaxis (seek med. care if so)
