Intrinsic Back & Suboccipitals Lec

Question 1

Intermediate Layer of Back

Answer 1

serratus posterior superior & serratus posterior inferior

Question 2

Bony Landmarks on Skull

Answer 2

mastoid process, external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, inferior nuchal line

Question 3

Deep Back - Superficial Layer

Answer 3

splenius capitis and cervicis

Question 4

Which direction do the fibers of the splenius run?

Answer 4

oblique, superiolaterally

Question 5

Ventral Nerve Roots

Answer 5

motor

Question 6

Dorsal Nerve Roots

Answer 6

sensory

Question 7

Ventral Rami

Answer 7

innervate ventral body wall, superficial back, and all limb parts

Question 8

Dorsal Rami

Answer 8

innervate skin and deep muscles of back

Question 9

Deep Back - Intermediate Layer

Answer 9

erector spinae group (“paraspinals”)
- iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
- chief extensors of the vertebral column
- broken into regions

Question 10

Erector Spinae Group Directionality

Answer 10

order from most lateral to most medial is iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

Question 11

Unique Feature of Iliocostalis

Answer 11

only muscle of the erector spinae group to have a lumbar region

Question 12

Deep Back - Deep Layer

Answer 12

transversospinalis group
- rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis

Question 13

Back Muscles from Deep to Superficial (Thoracic Region)

Answer 13

rotatores > multifidus > semispinalis > spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis > serratus posterior inferior > latissimus dorsi, trapezius

Question 14

Back Muscles from Deep to Superficial (Cervical Region)

Answer 14

suboccipitals > semispinalis > splenius > upper trapezius

Question 15

4 Suboccipital Muscles

Answer 15

rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior

Question 16

Obliquus Capitis Superior

Answer 16

fibers run vertically, so it laterally flexes the neck but does not rotate it

Question 17

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Answer 17

does not attach to the skull unlike the other suboccipitals, so it rotates the neck but does not extend it

Question 18

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Answer 18

cervical extension and ipsilateral rotation, spans 2 vertebrae (major)

Question 19

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Answer 19

cervical extension and ipsilateral rotation, not involved in the suboccipital triangle, spans 1 vertebrae (minor)

Question 20

Boundaries of Suboccipital Triangle

Answer 20

superomedial: rectus capitis posterior major
superolateral: obliquus capitis superior
inferolateral: obliquus capitis inferior

Question 21

Aspects of Suboccipital Triangle

Answer 21

floor (deep): posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of C1
roof (superficial): semispinalis capitis
contents: vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve (C1)

Question 22

Vertebral Artery

Answer 22

runs through the suboccipital triangle and through the transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae