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Physiology and Pharmacology > Intracellular calcium regulation > Flashcards

Intracellular calcium regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal extracellular calcium concentration?

A

1-2mM

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2
Q

What is normal cytoplasmic calcium concentration?

A

100nM

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3
Q

Where is calcium stored inside the cell?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

How is cytoplasmic calcium concentration increased?

A

Calcium moving from extracellular space into the cytoplasm

Calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm

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5
Q

How does calcium move from the extracellular space into the cytoplasm?

A

Voltage-operated calcium ion channels (VOCCs)

Ligand-gated calcium ion channels (LGICs)

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6
Q

Hw does calcium move from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm?

A

Ryanodine receptors

IP3 receptors

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7
Q

How do ryanodine receptors work?

A

Calcium-induced-calcium-release:

  • calcium binds to ryanodine receptors causing them to open
  • calcium moves through them into the cytoplasm
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8
Q

How is cytoplasmic calcium concentration decreased?

A

Impermeability of plasma membrane to calcium ions

Transporters moving calcium out of the cytoplasm to the extracellular space

Transporters moving calcium out of the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum

Calcium buffer proteins

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9
Q

How is calcium moved from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space?

A

Plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA)

Sodium calcium exchanger (NCX)

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10
Q

How does PMCA work?

A

Actively transports calcium out of the cell

using energy from ATP hydrolysis

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11
Q

How does NCX work?

A

By secondary active transport:
moves one sodium ion down its concentration gradient into the cell
one calcium ion against its concentration gradient out of the cell

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12
Q

How is calcium moved from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)

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13
Q

How does SERCA work?

A

Actively transports calcium into the endoplasmic reticulum

using energy from ATP hydrolysis

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14
Q

What do calcium buffer proteins do?

A

Bind to calcium

reducing the concentration of free calcium

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15
Q

What types of muscle does calcium-induced-calcium-release occur in?

A

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

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16
Q

Where are calcium buffer proteins located in a cell

A

Cytosol

Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum

17
Q

What is an example of a calcium buffer protein in the cytosol?

A

Calmodulin

Physiology and Pharmacology (20 decks)

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