Intracellular Bacteria Flashcards
What are some major intracellular pathogens?
Neisseria, shigella, E. coli, Salmonella, Yersinia, rickettsial infections
What are some OBLIGATE Intracellular parasites?
- Rickettsial
2. Chlamydia Viruses
What is required to grow obligate intracellular pathogens in culture?
a special tissue growth media
What is the definition of facultative intracellular parasites?
they can replicate outside of a cell when they are supplied with the correct nutrients
What are some examples of facultative intracellular parasites?
Cocci, enterics, mycobacteria, bacilli, listeria, legionella, fungi
What is the relationship between macrophages and intracellular parasites?
Intracellular bacterial parasites used macrophages as trojan horses for transport to target site of infection
What are some examples of bacteria that use macrophages as trojan horses?
Salmonella (typhid fever) and M. tuberculosis
What is a common virulnce factor of intracellular parasites?
T3SS because this helps to aid in phagocytosis into target cell and then alter endosome so that the lysosome fails to fuse. Therefore it increases its entry into the cell.
Give examples of bacteria that use a T3SS
The enterics (shigella, salmonella, E. coli), legionella, Mycobacteria
Described a motility virulence factor of intracellular bacterial parasites.
Generating a actin “tail” bejind the bacteria within the cell and push through one cell into the next.
Give two examples of bacteria that use actin “tail” motility
Shigella and listeria
What branch of the immune system is needed to clear intracellular pathogens?
CMI, because these pathogens have methods of evading the humoral immune system
What are the major antibiotics used to treat intracellular infections?
Doxycycine and Azythromycin if pregnant
What are the lab properties if L. monocytogenes?
Small gram + rod, facultative anaerobe, beta hemplytic, grows in the cold
What type of motility does monocytogenes have?
tumbing motility and actin “tail”
How is listeria transmitted?
contaminated food and contact with livestock
Who is most susceptible to listeria?
Children, pregnant women and immunocompromised
Where in the body does listeria infect?
the gut
Primary virulence factors of listeria?
actin “tail” and enhanced phagocytosis with failure of lysosome fusion
What are the laboratory characteristics of rickettsia rickettsiae?
short rods that are hard to gram stain
What is the mode of transmission for R. rickettsiae?
Vector (tick)
What disease is can rickettsia cause?
Rocky mountain spotted fever
In RMSF, where does the bacteria replicate? And what does this lead to?
vasuclar endothelium, which leads to bacteremia and leaky/ lysed blood vessels
What are the symptoms of RMSF similar to, and what is the main difference?
Similar to the symptoms of Lyme disease, but no lymph node involvement
What is so interesting about Chlamydia?
its means of replication
What are the two stages of the unique life cycle of chlamydia?
1- Elementary bodies
2- Reticulate bodies
What are the properties of elementary bodies of Chlamydia?
Dense and rugged that attach to the cell and endocytose
What are the properties of reticulate bodies of Chlamydia?
large and delicate
Which is the infectious form of Chlamydia?
elementary bodies
Which form of Chlamydia can make ATP?
reticulate bodies
Which form of Chlamydia is targetable by the immune system?
reticulate bodies
What is the major virulence factor of chlamydia?
T3SS
Is Chlamydia culturable?
Yes, but need human cell lines to culture, not just agar plates
How is Chlamydia treated?
doxycylcine or erythromycin and amoxicillan if pregnant or a child
What is a disseminated disease that Chlamydia can cause?
reactive arthritis
What is a major concern of chlamydia with infants?
ocular trachoma
