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Unit 3 Micro and Immunology > Antisepsis, sterilization, disinfection > Flashcards

Antisepsis, sterilization, disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

Define steralization

A

a process that destroys or eliminates all froms of microbial life

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2
Q

How is sterilization carried out in healthcare facilities?

A

physical or chemical methods

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3
Q

Define disinfection

A

a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores, on inanimate objects

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4
Q

Define antisepsis

A

reduction or microorganisms on lving tissu and skin

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5
Q

Describe the limitations of antiseptics

A

Do not kill spores and cannot be used as disinfectants

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6
Q

How is disinfection categorized?

A

High level disinfection, intermediate level disinfection and low level disinfection

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7
Q

Define high level disinfection

A

Destroys all micro-organisms except high numbers of bacterial spores

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8
Q

What is HLD used for?

A

heat sensitive semi-critical intems like GI scopes and brochoscopes

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9
Q

Define Intermediate level disinfection

A

destroys vegitative bacteria, mycobacteria, most viruses, most fungi, but not bacterial spores

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10
Q

What is intermediate level disinfection used for?

A

non critical patient care items and surfaces with visible blood

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11
Q

Define low level disinfection

A

destroys vegetative bacteria, some fungi and viruses but not mycobacteria or spores

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12
Q

What is low level disinfection used for?

A

non critical patient care items and surfaces without visible blood

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13
Q

Please give two examples of HLD

A

Pasteurization and liquid emersion

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14
Q

-cidal? -static?

A

kills microorganisms. inhibits growth of microorganisms

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15
Q

Define decontamination

A

removal of debris, blood, and proteins. it does not necessarily render the device, “safe to handle”

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16
Q

What is the goal in a hospital?

A

Reduce the organisms to a safe level

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17
Q

What are critical items?

A

Items that enter normally sterile parts of the human body,

18
Q

What is the preferred method of cleaning for critical items?

A

sterilization

19
Q

What are some examples of critical items?

A

implants, invasive monitoring devices, surgical instruments

20
Q

What are semicritical items?

A

items that come into contact with mucous membranes or nonintact skin and should be free or microorganisms except spores

21
Q

How should semicritical items be cleaned?

A

with HLD

22
Q

What are examples of HDL?

A

gluteraldehyde, stabilized hydrogen peroxide, peracetic aid, a chlorine compound

23
Q

What are examples of semicritical items?

A

endoscopes, laryngoscope blades, esophageal probes, RT and anesthesia equiptment

24
Q

What are non-critical items?

A

items that come into contact with intact skin by not mucous membranes

25
Q

What are some examples of non-critical items?

A

bedpans, bp cuffs, crutches. computers

26
Q

Name common disinfetion and sterilization methods

A 
1- Steam (autoclaving)
2- Ethylene oxide gans
3- Gas plasma (hydrogen peroxide or a mixutre of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid)
4- Liquid sterilization
5- Alcohols
6-  Quats
7- Chlorines
27
Q

What is alcohol best for

A

intermediate level and low level disinfection and antisepsis

28
Q

What are common disinfectats for living tissue?

A 
alcohols
chlorhexidine
lodophors
Heavy metals
Triclosan
29
Q

What are the advantages of quats?

A

Non staining and relatively nontoxic, and they act as detergents as well as disinfectants

30
Q

What is a drawback to ethylene oxide?

A

ETP is txic, carcinogenic and flammable and needs aeration time

31
Q

What are the draw backs to gas plasma?

A

some endoscopes or medical devices with log or narrow lumens cannot be cleaned

32
Q

What is liquid sterilizaiton used for/

A

Point-of-use system and used for immersible instruments only

33
Q

What is the drawbacks to alcohols?

A

cannot penetrate protein rich materials and are flammable

34
Q

To what method do some organisms have resistnace genes?

A

Quats

35
Q

What are quats not effective against?

A

spores and tuberculosis

36
Q

what are quats typically used for?

A

non critical surfaces

37
Q

What is the drawback to chlorines?

A

solutions are unstable once diluted

38
Q

What is trislocan used in? Problems with it?

A

skin care products. there is some resistance to it.

39
Q

Are heavy metals bacteriocidal or -static?

A

-static only

40
Q

What are heavy metals used for?

A

Topical wounds

41
Q

What are iodophores used for?

A

antisepsis of skin, mucous membranes and wound sites

42
Q

How long does chlorhexidine work for?

A

up to 6 hours after administration

Unit 3 Micro and Immunology (25 decks)

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