Intracellular and Spiral Bacteria Flashcards
Mycoplasmataceae
lack cell wall, believed to originate from G+, appear as G- (red) on gram stain
intracellular parasite
M. pneumoniae
atypical pneumonia + agglutinin
M. genitalium, M. hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum
genitourinary tract infections in sexually active
non-gonococcal urethritis and PID
Chlamydia
G- coccoid to rod, obligate intracellular
outside host cell: infectious elementary bodies
inside host cell: intracellular reticulate initial bodies
steals host’s ATP via ATP/ADP translocator
inclusion bodies
C. pneumoniae
upper and lower (atypical) pneumonia and respiratory tract infections
C. trachomatis
trachoma conjunctivitis > blindness (Asia and Africa)
nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis, endometritis, PID, inclusion conjunctivitis (paratrachoma)
lymphogranuloma venereum: sexually transmitted, painless papule/pustule > tender lymphadenitis (buboes)
C. psittaci
psittachosis: inhalation, transmitted from psittacine birds (parrots, loverbirds, parakeets)
ornithosis: non-psittacine birds
Rickettsia
G- coccobacilli, obligate intracellular arthropod vectors ATP/ADP translocator vasculitis, skin rash Dx: Weil-Felix test (cross reactivity w/ P. vulgaris Ag)
R. prowazekii
epidemic typhus
human to human via body lice
flying squirrels
R. rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
spread from other mammals via ticks
rash
R. typhi
endemic/murine typhus
spread from rats via rat flea
Orienta tsutsugamushi
obligate intracellular pathogen
transmitted by chigger (larval trombiculid mite)
scrub bush typhus: fever, headache, muscle pain, rash
coxiella burnetti
G- obligate intracellular parasite requires host ATP cattle sheep, goats, spread via inhalation, unpasteurized milk endospore-like state Q fever: flu-like or atypical pneumonia
Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
obligate intracellular parasite
tick-borne zoonosis
infections cause fever, headache, muscle pain
A. phago cytophilum
human granulocytic anaplasmosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
human monocytic ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia ewingii
human ewingii ehrlichiosis
Bartonella
G- pleomorphic bacilli
oxidase -
facultative parasite
B. henselae
cat scratch disease, bacillary peliosis of liver, bacillary angiomatosis
B. quintana
trench fever
Treponema
weakly G- spirochete
cannot be grown in vitro
T. pallidum
syphilis
T. pallidum pertenue: Yaws, not STD
T. pallidum carateum: Pinta, not STD
T. palludum endemicum: endemic syphillis (bejel), not STD
T. pallidum pallidum
syphilis
primary: painless highly contagious, hard chancres
secondary (condyloma lata): skin rash, palms and soles
tertiary: gumma (granulomas) anywhere in body, CV problems
congenital syphilis: first 2 yrs. Hutchinson triad (interstitial keratosis, notched incisors, sensorineural hearing loss)
T. pallidum Dx
rapid plasma reagin (RPR): anti-cardiolipin serology
venereal disease research lab (VDRL)
fluorescent treponemal Ab absorption (FTA-ABS)
T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA)
darkfield/fluorescent Ab examination of material from lesion
