Intracellular and Spiral Bacteria

Question 1

Mycoplasmataceae

Answer 1

lack cell wall, believed to originate from G+, appear as G- (red) on gram stain
intracellular parasite

Question 2

M. pneumoniae

Answer 2

atypical pneumonia + agglutinin

Question 3

M. genitalium, M. hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum

Answer 3

genitourinary tract infections in sexually active

non-gonococcal urethritis and PID

Question 4

Chlamydia

Answer 4

G- coccoid to rod, obligate intracellular
outside host cell: infectious elementary bodies
inside host cell: intracellular reticulate initial bodies
steals host’s ATP via ATP/ADP translocator
inclusion bodies

Question 5

C. pneumoniae

Answer 5

upper and lower (atypical) pneumonia and respiratory tract infections

Question 6

C. trachomatis

Answer 6

trachoma conjunctivitis > blindness (Asia and Africa)
nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis, endometritis, PID, inclusion conjunctivitis (paratrachoma)
lymphogranuloma venereum: sexually transmitted, painless papule/pustule > tender lymphadenitis (buboes)

Question 7

C. psittaci

Answer 7

psittachosis: inhalation, transmitted from psittacine birds (parrots, loverbirds, parakeets)
ornithosis: non-psittacine birds

Question 8

Rickettsia

Answer 8

G- coccobacilli, obligate intracellular
arthropod vectors
ATP/ADP translocator
vasculitis, skin rash
Dx: Weil-Felix test (cross reactivity w/ P. vulgaris Ag)

Question 9

R. prowazekii

Answer 9

epidemic typhus
human to human via body lice
flying squirrels

Question 10

R. rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)

Answer 10

spread from other mammals via ticks

rash

Question 11

R. typhi

Answer 11

endemic/murine typhus

spread from rats via rat flea

Question 12

Orienta tsutsugamushi

Answer 12

obligate intracellular pathogen
transmitted by chigger (larval trombiculid mite)
scrub bush typhus: fever, headache, muscle pain, rash

Question 13

coxiella burnetti

Answer 13

G- obligate intracellular parasite
requires host ATP
cattle sheep, goats, spread via inhalation, unpasteurized milk
endospore-like state
Q fever: flu-like or atypical pneumonia

Question 14

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis

Answer 14

obligate intracellular parasite
tick-borne zoonosis
infections cause fever, headache, muscle pain

Question 15

A. phago cytophilum

Answer 15

human granulocytic anaplasmosis

Question 16

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Answer 16

human monocytic ehrlichiosis

Question 17

Ehrlichia ewingii

Answer 17

human ewingii ehrlichiosis

Question 18

Bartonella

Answer 18

G- pleomorphic bacilli
oxidase -
facultative parasite

Question 19

B. henselae

Answer 19

cat scratch disease, bacillary peliosis of liver, bacillary angiomatosis

Question 20

B. quintana

Answer 20

trench fever

Question 21

Treponema

Answer 21

weakly G- spirochete

cannot be grown in vitro

Question 22

T. pallidum

Answer 22

syphilis
T. pallidum pertenue: Yaws, not STD
T. pallidum carateum: Pinta, not STD
T. palludum endemicum: endemic syphillis (bejel), not STD

Question 23

T. pallidum pallidum

Answer 23

syphilis
primary: painless highly contagious, hard chancres
secondary (condyloma lata): skin rash, palms and soles
tertiary: gumma (granulomas) anywhere in body, CV problems
congenital syphilis: first 2 yrs. Hutchinson triad (interstitial keratosis, notched incisors, sensorineural hearing loss)

Question 24

T. pallidum Dx

Answer 24

rapid plasma reagin (RPR): anti-cardiolipin serology
venereal disease research lab (VDRL)
fluorescent treponemal Ab absorption (FTA-ABS)
T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA)
darkfield/fluorescent Ab examination of material from lesion

Question 25

Borrelia

Answer 25

weakly G- spirochete

Question 26

B. burgdorferi

Answer 26

lyme disease
deer ticks (Ixodes)
erythema migrans

Question 27

B. recurrentis

Answer 27

Louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever

Question 28

B. hermsii

Answer 28

tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever

Question 29

Leptospira

Answer 29

thin, tightly coiled spirochete
leptospirosis: animal urine (rats, mice, moles), leptospiremic (blood) and leptospiruric (kidney) phase
anicteric leptospirosis (less severe)
Weil disease (icteric leptospirosis): more severer, liver and renal failure