Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PBD II > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

prophylactic therapy

A

prevent infection or prevent dangerous disease in those already infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

preemptive therapy

A

early, targeted therapy, high-risk patients, asymptomatic but have become infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

empirical therapy

A

symptomatic patient but w/o identification of infecting organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

definitive therapy

A

infecting organism is known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

post-treatment suppressive therapy

A

antimicrobial coverage at lower dose when infection is not completely eradicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

narrow-spectrum

A

act on a single or limited group of microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

extended spectrum

A

active against G+ bacteria but also significant number of G- bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

broad-spectrum

A

act on a wide variety of bacterial species, G+ and G-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bacteriostatic

A

arrests growth (e.g. protein synthesis inhibitors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bacteriocidal

A 
kills bacteria (e.g. cell wall inhibitors)
concentration or time-dependent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Beta-lactams

A 
penicillins
cephalosporins
monobactam
carbapenems
MOA: covalently binds transpeptidase (PBP), preventing peptidoglycan cross-linking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

penicillin G and V

A

natural penicillins

narrow, anti-streptococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nafcillin

A

narrow, anti-staphylococcal

“naf for staph”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin)

A

extended, G+ and G-
H. influenzae, E. coli, Listeria, P. mirabilis, enterococci
HELP kill enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

anti-pseudomonal-piperacillin

A

broad

P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Proteus spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cephalosporins (by generation)

A

1st gen: most narrow, good G+, modest G-, cephalexin cephalexin
2nd gen: increased G- activity
3rd gen: increased G- activity, decreased G+ activity, ceftriaxone (drug of choice for gonorrhea)
4th gen: extends beyond 3rd gen, useful in serious nosoccomial infections (e.g. Pseudomonas)

17
Q

clavulonic acid

A

B-lactamase inhibitor (combined with amoxicillin)

18
Q

vancomycin

A

MOA: inhibits transglycosylases, preventing polymerization of peptidoglycan sugar backbone
broad G+
C. difficile PO

19
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

MOA: targets bacterial DNA gyrase
Concentration-dependent
Ciprofloxacin: broad G-, S. aureus, some Strep
Adverse effects: photosensitivity, Achilles rupture, contra-indicated in children

20
Q

aminoglycosides

A

*bacteriocidal
gentamycin
MOA: binds 30S ribosome, interferes w/ initiation of protein synthesis, RNA misreading, concentration-dependent
Spectrum: aerobic G- bacteria
Adverse effects: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

21
Q

tetracyclines

A

doxycycline
MOA: static, binds 30S ribosome, prevents acces of aminoacyl tRNA to acceptor (A) site
Broad G+ and G-, Rickettsia, Lyme’s disease
Adverse effects: photosensitivity, teeth discoloration, contra-indicated in children

22
Q

macrolides

A

azithromycin
MOA: static, binds 50S ribosome, inhibits translocation
Spectrum: aerobic G+, some G-
Adverse effects: QT prolongation

23
Q

clindamycin

A

MOA: binds 50S ribosome, inhibits translocation
Spectrum: pneumococci, S. pyogenes, viridans, Strep, MSSA, anaerobes (B. fragilis)
Adverse effects: pseudomembranous colitis

24
Q

metronidazole

A

MOA: nitro radical anions damage DNA
Spectrum: anaerobes, C. difficile, giardia
Adverse effects: disulfiram-effect (inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, no EtOH 3 days post-administration)

25
Q

acyclovir

A

for HSV and varicella

MOA: competes with deoxyGTP for DNA polymerase, cause DNA chain termination

26
Q

azoles

A

antifungal

MOA: reduce production of egosterol

27
Q

amphotericin B

A

antifungal
forms pores in cell membrane
Adverse effects: infusion related (fever, chills, vomiting, headache) and cumulative toxicity

28
Q

Beta-lactams MOA

A

structural analogs of D-Ala-D-Ala, covalently bind transpeptidase (PBP), preventing peptidoglycan cross-linking

29
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

amoxicillin + clavulonic acid
ampicillin + sulbactam
piperacillin + tazobactam

30
Q

PCN ADRs

A

allergic rxn: up to 10%
true anaphylaxis: up to .04%
NVD
pseudomembranis colitis

31
Q

cephalosporin ADRs

A

1% cross-reactivity with PCN (if patient had anaphylaxis with PCN, don’t prescribe cephalosporin)
diarrhea

32
Q

vancomycin ADRs

A

red-man syndrome
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity

PBD II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions