Gram (+) Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Streptococci

A

catalase (-)
non-motile
facultative or obligate anaerobles
Lancefield groupings (A,B,D)

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2
Q

Group A Strep.

A

S. pyogenes. B-hemolysis, #1 cause of bacterial pharyngitis, impetige, rheumatic fever, post-strep glomerulonephritis, necrotizing fascitis, toxic shock syndrome

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3
Q

Group B Strep

A

S. agalactiae, B-hemolysis, #1 cause of neonatal septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia

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4
Q

Group D Strep

A

S. bovis and S. equinus. G or A-hemolysis, endocarditis, urinary tract infections

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5
Q

S. pneumoniae

A

A-hemolysis, #1 cause of bacterial pneumonia in adults, capsule, meningitis in adults, otitis media in children, optochin sensitive

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6
Q

S. viridans

A

A-hemolysis, microaerophilic, dental caries, subacute endocarditis, aspiration pneumonias and abscesses

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7
Q

Streptococcis virulence factors

A
M proteins (S. pyogenes) resists phagocytosis
Capsules (S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae)
erythrogenic exotoxin (S. pyogenes) causes scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome
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8
Q

Enterococci

A
diplococci or short chains
catalase (-)
G-hemolytic
non-motile
facultative anaerobes
UTIs, bacteremia
VRE=vacomycin resistant enterococci
also very resistant to ampicillin
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9
Q

Staphylococci

A

catalase (+)

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10
Q

S. aureus

A

coagulase (+)

pneumonia, meningitis, acute endocarditis, osteomyelitis, TSS, food poisoning

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11
Q

Staphylococcus virulence factors

A

clumping factor
polysaccharide capsule (resists phagocytosis)
surface A protein (inhibits Igs)
exfoliative A and B toxins (scalded skin syndrome)
superantigens (TSS1 and heat stable enterotoxin)

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12
Q

Bacillus

A

aerobes to facultative anaerobes

spore-formers

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13
Q

B. cereus

A

preformed enterotoxins > food poisoning

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14
Q

B. anthracis

A
polyglutamyl capsule (survives phagocytosis)
exotoxins
cutaneous anthrax (95%)
GI anthrax (contaminated meat > bloody diarrhea)
inhalation antrax (woolsorter's disease, pneumonia, hemorrhagic mediastinitis)
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15
Q

Clostridia

A

G+ rod
spore former
obiglate anaerobes

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16
Q

C. tetani

A

racket-shaped

single exotoxin > tetenus, blocks inhibitor of neurotransmission

17
Q

C. perfringens

A

anaerobic mixed wound infections
exotoxins
gas gangrene

18
Q

C. botulinum

A
botulinum exotoxin > block ACh release
Type A is most potent exotoxin known
poorly canned foods
flaccid paralysis, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphonia, dysphagia, respiratory failure
infant botulism: bee honey
wound botulism
19
Q

C. difficile

A
toxin A (enterotoxin)
toxin B (cytopathic agent)
pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Rx: oral vanco, metronidazole, bacterial recolonization
20
Q

Corynebacteria

A

G+ rod-like, club-shaped

mycolic acid in cell wall

21
Q

C. diptheriae

A
diptheria toxin (cytotoxin)
pseudomembranous material in upper respiratory tract
Rx: vaccinate, passive immunization with antitoxin
22
Q

Listeria

A

G+ bacillus
facultative intracellular parasite
lysteryolysin O (can survive inside phagolysosome)
spread from cell to cell w/o extracellular stage

23
Q

L. monocytogenes

A

food-borne illness
hot dogs, lunch meat, milk, cheese, raw vegetables
miscarriage/stillbirth

24
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Gram-variable, cell wall is G+

bacterial vaginosis, clue cells, fishy odors

25
Q

Gram (+) anaerobic cocci

A

anaerobic
G+
non-spore forming

26
Q

Peptostreptococcus magnus

A

skin and soft tissue infections

27
Q

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

A

oral infections