Emerging Infections/Bioterrorism

Question 1

enterovirus 68

Answer 1

acute flacccid myelitis

Question 2

viral hemorrhagic fevers

Answer 2

RNA viruses

1. Arenaviridae: South American hemorrhagic fever and Lassa fever
2. Filoviridae: ebola and Marburg viruses
3. Bunyaviridae: Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
4. Flaviviridae: Dengue hemorrhagic fever
5. Rhadoviridae: Bas-Congo virus hemorrhagic fever

Question 3

ebola

Answer 3

Filoviridae
Fruit bats or primates are most likely reservoirs
Person-person transmission via blood or body fluids

Question 4

dengue fever

Answer 4

Flaviviridae
classic dengue fever: break bone fever, myalgias
dengue hemorrhagic fever: 2-7 days, thrombocytopenia, shock

Question 5

Powassan virus

Answer 5

Flavivirus
Tick bites
Northeast US

Question 6

West Nile virus

Answer 6

Flavivirus, no envelope
viral syndrome +/-rash
Meningoencephalitis (

Question 7

chikungunya virus

Answer 7

Aedes mosquitos

viral syndrome 3-7 days post-bite

Question 8

SARS virus

Answer 8

novel coronavirus

flu symptoms, pneumonia

Question 9

MERS coronavirus

Answer 9

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

similar to SARS

Question 10

Bunyaviridae

Answer 10

California encephalitis
La Crosse encephalitis: eastern US
Hantavirus: hemorrhagic fever with renal failure, pulmonary syndrome, aerosolized rodent poop

Question 11

CDC bioterrorism categories

Answer 11

category A: easily disseminated or transmitted p2p; high mortality (e.g. smallpox)
category B: moderatedly easy to disseminate; moderate morbidity, low mortality (e.g. brucellosis, ricin)
category C: emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination (e.g. Nipah virus and hantavirus)