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PBD II > Gram (-) Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram (-) Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria

A

G- coffee bean diplococci

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2
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

A 
UTIs
fimriae (pili) attach to urothelium
LPS endotoxin
pelvic inflammatory disease > infertility
conjunctivitis in neonates
Dx: G- intracellular diplococci
resistance to PCN
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3
Q

N. meningitidis

A

antiphagocytic capsule
toxic LPS
high rates of infection in C5-C9 deficiencies
meningitis (petechiael rach, headache, fever) dorms
Dx: Thayer-Martin VCN media and PCR

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4
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

G-, aerobic to facultative anaerobe, oxidase+
common cold, otitis media
resistant to B-lactams

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5
Q

coliforms

A

G- bacilli that resemble E. coli
oxidase -
ferment lactose (except proteus and serratia)
may cause UTIs

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6
Q

Proteus

A

G- bacilli

renal infection with staghorn calculi (urease)

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7
Q

K. pneumoniae

A

3% of bacterial pneumonia
most common cause of nosocomial respitatory infections
UTIs

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8
Q

Escherichia

A 
G- bacilli
ferment lactose
K1 antigen (anti-phagocytic)
neonatal meningitis
UTIs
diarrheal E. coli
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9
Q

enterotoxigenic diarrhea

A

Traveler’s diarrhea/Montezuma’s revenge
small intestine
non-invasive, watery stool, cramps, nausea
ST heat-stabile and LT heat labile, increase cGMP and cAMP

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10
Q

enteroinvasive

A

large intestine, Shigella-like
fever, cramps, watery diarrhea > bloody stool
shiga-like toxin

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11
Q

enteropathogenic

A

small intestine, infantile diarrhea
salmonella-like, fever, nausea, vomiting
adherance and destruction of epithelial cells

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12
Q

enterohemorrhagic

A

large intestine, hemmorhagic colitis
severe abdominal pain, watery diarrhea > grossly bloddy stool
O157:H7, shiga-like cytotoxins (verotoxins)

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13
Q

Klebsiella

A

G- bacilli
ferments lactose (red on McConkey agar)
capsule

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14
Q

K. oxytoca

A

colitis and sepsis

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15
Q

K. granulomatis

A

granulama inguinale

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16
Q

Enterobacter

A

G- bacilli
ferment lactose
inducible B-lactamases

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17
Q

Enterobacter cloacae

A

lower respiratory infections, UTIs, intra-abdominal infections
nosocomial outbreaks

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18
Q

Enterobacter aerogenes

A

nosocomial opportunistic infections

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19
Q

Serratia

A

G- bacilli

non-lactose fermentor, but red on McConkey (red prodigiosin pigment)

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20
Q

S. marcescens

A

found in respiratory and urinary tracts of hospitalized adults, GI in children
nosocomial infections

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21
Q

Proteus

A

G- bacilli
non-lactose fermenting
UTIs, wound infections

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22
Q

P. mirabilis

A

swarming motility (swarms petri dish)
urease alkalizes urine
struvite stones

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23
Q

P. vulgaris and penneri

A

infections in nursing homes and hospitals or compromised immune system

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24
Q

Shigella

A 
G- bacilli
non-lactose fermenting
no H2S
non-motile
shiga toxin (A subunit inhibits 60S ribosome and protein sytnthesis)
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25
Q

S. dysenteriae

A

enteroinvasive bacillary dysentery

cramps, watery, bloody diarrhea

26
Q

Salmonella

A

G- bacilli
non-lactose fermenting
produce H2S
facultative intracellular parasite

27
Q

S. enterica enterica, serovar Enteritidis

A

gastroenteritis after 1-3 days incubation

28
Q

S. enterica enterica, serovar Typhi

A

enteric (typhoid) fever after 10-14 days incubation

29
Q

Psedudomonas

A

G- bacilli
oxidase positive
non-fermenting
greenish pigments (pyoverdin and pyocyanin)
antiphagocytic exopolysaccharide
exotoxin A (mechanism identical to diptheria toxin)
opportunistic infections (bacteriacl vasculitis, ecthyma gangrenosum, cystic fibrosis, hot tub folliculitis)

30
Q

Burkholderia

A

G- bacilli

oxidase positive

31
Q

B. cepacia

A

cystic fibrosis

32
Q

B. pseudomallei

A

pneumonia

33
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A

G- bacillus
most non-fermenting
oxidase +/-
opportunistic nosocomial/immunocompromised patients

34
Q

Legionella

A

G- bacilli
ubiquitous aquatic
produce hemolysins and exotoxins
intracellular pathogen (multiply w/in macrophages)

35
Q

L. pneumophila

A

Legionnaire’s disease: lobar pneumonia
Pontiac fever: flu-like
associated with unsanitary AC

36
Q

Fusobacterium

A

G- fusiform bacilli
anaerobic
infections in abscesses

37
Q

F. necrophorum

A

peritonsillar abscesses

produces hemagglutinin > septic thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein (Lemierre syndrome)

38
Q

Vibrio

A

G- curved rod

GI illness from seafood

39
Q

V. cholerae

A

G- curved rod, single polar flagellum, “vibrate”
oxidase +
disease of poor sanitation (water w/ human fecal contamination)
choleragen (potent enterotoxin) > overproduction of cAMP
rice water stool

40
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A 
G- curved rod
non-lactose fermenter
LPS endotoxin
ingestion of contaminated water, milk or undercooked foods (raw clams)
acute enteritis (fever, bloody diarrhea)
41
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A 
G- helically shaped
non-lactose fermenter
lives in mucus layer above gastric epithelium
produces urease
chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric MALT lymphoma
feco-oral or oral-oral transmission
Rx: clarithromycin-based triple therapy 
bismuth quadruple therapy
42
Q

Bacteroides and Prevotella

A

G- bacilli or cocco-bacilli

obligate anaerobes

43
Q

B. fragilis

A

anti-phagocytic capsule

opportunistic with immunosuppression

44
Q

Prevotella

A

normal oral and vaginal flora

opportunistic infections

45
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

A

G- coccobacillus
nosocomial infections
produces B-lactamase

46
Q

Haemophilus

A

G- coccobacilli

capsule

47
Q

H. influenzae

A

H. influenzae type b: most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children 6mo-2yrs
Hib vaccine available

48
Q

H. ducreyi

A

chancroid (soft, painful chancre)

bubbos (painful lymphadenitis)

49
Q

H. parainfluenzae

A

pneumonia, endocarditis

50
Q

H. aegypticus

A

conjunctivitis

51
Q

Bordetella

A 
G- coccobacilli
encapsulated
several exotoxins
filamentous hemagglutinin
pertussis toxin
invasive adenylate cyclase toxin
tracheal cytotoxin
lethal (dermonecrotic) toxin
52
Q

B. pertussis

A

whooping cough
catarrhal stage: fever, rhinorrhea, infectious cough
paroxysmal phase: “whooping” cough, 6 weeks
convalescent phase: secondary complications

53
Q

Yersinia

A

G- bipolar staining coccobacilli
non-lactose fermenting
glucose fermenter

54
Q

Y. pestis

A

bubonic plague (black death), 75% mortality
great gerbils, black rats
F1 antigen and V&W antigens, antiphagocytic
septicemic plague: DIC
pneumonic plague: pneumonia-like, 90% mortality

55
Q

Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis

A

contaminated food/water

self-limited ileitis, gastroenteritis

56
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

G- pleomorphic coccobacillus
rabbits
intracellular pathogen
tularemia (2 types)
ulceroglandular: handling rabbits, skin lesions, buboes
pneumonic: inhalation, fever, soar throat, pneumonia

57
Q

Brucella

A

G- coccobacilli
intracellular parasite
exposure to infected animal, unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat

58
Q

B. melitensis

A

unpasteurized milk

causes Malta/undulant/Mediterranean fever

59
Q

B. suis

A

pigs

60
Q

brucellosis

A

undulant fever: flu-like symptoms, limb/back pain, intermittent fever, malaise
B. melitensis and B. suis more transmissible in humans

61
Q

Pasteurella multicida

A

G- coccobacilli
domestic animal bites (cats)
joint infections, osteomyelitis, meningitis, endocarditis

PBD II (12 decks)

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