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PBD II > Gram (-) Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram (-) Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria

A

G- coffee bean diplococci

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2
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

A 
UTIs
fimriae (pili) attach to urothelium
LPS endotoxin
pelvic inflammatory disease > infertility
conjunctivitis in neonates
Dx: G- intracellular diplococci
resistance to PCN
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3
Q

N. meningitidis

A

antiphagocytic capsule
toxic LPS
high rates of infection in C5-C9 deficiencies
meningitis (petechiael rach, headache, fever) dorms
Dx: Thayer-Martin VCN media and PCR

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4
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

G-, aerobic to facultative anaerobe, oxidase+
common cold, otitis media
resistant to B-lactams

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5
Q

coliforms

A

G- bacilli that resemble E. coli
oxidase -
ferment lactose (except proteus and serratia)
may cause UTIs

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6
Q

Proteus

A

G- bacilli

renal infection with staghorn calculi (urease)

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7
Q

K. pneumoniae

A

3% of bacterial pneumonia
most common cause of nosocomial respitatory infections
UTIs

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8
Q

Escherichia

A 
G- bacilli
ferment lactose
K1 antigen (anti-phagocytic)
neonatal meningitis
UTIs
diarrheal E. coli
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9
Q

enterotoxigenic diarrhea

A

Traveler’s diarrhea/Montezuma’s revenge
small intestine
non-invasive, watery stool, cramps, nausea
ST heat-stabile and LT heat labile, increase cGMP and cAMP

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10
Q

enteroinvasive

A

large intestine, Shigella-like
fever, cramps, watery diarrhea > bloody stool
shiga-like toxin

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11
Q

enteropathogenic

A

small intestine, infantile diarrhea
salmonella-like, fever, nausea, vomiting
adherance and destruction of epithelial cells

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12
Q

enterohemorrhagic

A

large intestine, hemmorhagic colitis
severe abdominal pain, watery diarrhea > grossly bloddy stool
O157:H7, shiga-like cytotoxins (verotoxins)

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13
Q

Klebsiella

A

G- bacilli
ferments lactose (red on McConkey agar)
capsule

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14
Q

K. oxytoca

A

colitis and sepsis

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15
Q

K. granulomatis

A

granulama inguinale

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16
Q

Enterobacter

A

G- bacilli
ferment lactose
inducible B-lactamases

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17
Q

Enterobacter cloacae

A

lower respiratory infections, UTIs, intra-abdominal infections
nosocomial outbreaks

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18
Q

Enterobacter aerogenes

A

nosocomial opportunistic infections

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19
Q

Serratia

A

G- bacilli

non-lactose fermentor, but red on McConkey (red prodigiosin pigment)

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20
Q

S. marcescens

A

found in respiratory and urinary tracts of hospitalized adults, GI in children
nosocomial infections

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21
Q

Proteus

A

G- bacilli
non-lactose fermenting
UTIs, wound infections

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22
Q

P. mirabilis

A

swarming motility (swarms petri dish)
urease alkalizes urine
struvite stones

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23
Q

P. vulgaris and penneri

A

infections in nursing homes and hospitals or compromised immune system

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24
Q

Shigella

A 
G- bacilli
non-lactose fermenting
no H2S
non-motile
shiga toxin (A subunit inhibits 60S ribosome and protein sytnthesis)
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25
S. dysenteriae
enteroinvasive bacillary dysentery | cramps, watery, bloody diarrhea
26
Salmonella
G- bacilli non-lactose fermenting produce H2S facultative intracellular parasite
27
S. enterica enterica, serovar Enteritidis
gastroenteritis after 1-3 days incubation
28
S. enterica enterica, serovar Typhi
enteric (typhoid) fever after 10-14 days incubation
29
Psedudomonas
G- bacilli oxidase positive non-fermenting greenish pigments (pyoverdin and pyocyanin) antiphagocytic exopolysaccharide exotoxin A (mechanism identical to diptheria toxin) opportunistic infections (bacteriacl vasculitis, ecthyma gangrenosum, cystic fibrosis, hot tub folliculitis)
30
Burkholderia
G- bacilli | oxidase positive
31
B. cepacia
cystic fibrosis
32
B. pseudomallei
pneumonia
33
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
G- bacillus most non-fermenting oxidase +/- opportunistic nosocomial/immunocompromised patients
34
Legionella
G- bacilli ubiquitous aquatic produce hemolysins and exotoxins intracellular pathogen (multiply w/in macrophages)
35
L. pneumophila
Legionnaire's disease: lobar pneumonia Pontiac fever: flu-like associated with unsanitary AC
36
Fusobacterium
G- fusiform bacilli anaerobic infections in abscesses
37
F. necrophorum
peritonsillar abscesses | produces hemagglutinin > septic thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein (Lemierre syndrome)
38
Vibrio
G- curved rod | GI illness from seafood
39
V. cholerae
G- curved rod, single polar flagellum, "vibrate" oxidase + disease of poor sanitation (water w/ human fecal contamination) choleragen (potent enterotoxin) > overproduction of cAMP rice water stool
40
Campylobacter jejuni
``` G- curved rod non-lactose fermenter LPS endotoxin ingestion of contaminated water, milk or undercooked foods (raw clams) acute enteritis (fever, bloody diarrhea) ```
41
Helicobacter pylori
``` G- helically shaped non-lactose fermenter lives in mucus layer above gastric epithelium produces urease chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric MALT lymphoma feco-oral or oral-oral transmission Rx: clarithromycin-based triple therapy bismuth quadruple therapy ```
42
Bacteroides and Prevotella
G- bacilli or cocco-bacilli | obligate anaerobes
43
B. fragilis
anti-phagocytic capsule | opportunistic with immunosuppression
44
Prevotella
normal oral and vaginal flora | opportunistic infections
45
Acinetobacter baumannii
G- coccobacillus nosocomial infections produces B-lactamase
46
Haemophilus
G- coccobacilli | capsule
47
H. influenzae
H. influenzae type b: most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children 6mo-2yrs Hib vaccine available
48
H. ducreyi
chancroid (soft, painful chancre) | bubbos (painful lymphadenitis)
49
H. parainfluenzae
pneumonia, endocarditis
50
H. aegypticus
conjunctivitis
51
Bordetella
``` G- coccobacilli encapsulated several exotoxins filamentous hemagglutinin pertussis toxin invasive adenylate cyclase toxin tracheal cytotoxin lethal (dermonecrotic) toxin ```
52
B. pertussis
whooping cough catarrhal stage: fever, rhinorrhea, infectious cough paroxysmal phase: "whooping" cough, 6 weeks convalescent phase: secondary complications
53
Yersinia
G- bipolar staining coccobacilli non-lactose fermenting glucose fermenter
54
Y. pestis
bubonic plague (black death), 75% mortality great gerbils, black rats F1 antigen and V&W antigens, antiphagocytic septicemic plague: DIC pneumonic plague: pneumonia-like, 90% mortality
55
Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis
contaminated food/water | self-limited ileitis, gastroenteritis
56
Francisella tularensis
G- pleomorphic coccobacillus rabbits intracellular pathogen tularemia (2 types) ulceroglandular: handling rabbits, skin lesions, buboes pneumonic: inhalation, fever, soar throat, pneumonia
57
Brucella
G- coccobacilli intracellular parasite exposure to infected animal, unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat
58
B. melitensis
unpasteurized milk | causes Malta/undulant/Mediterranean fever
59
B. suis
pigs
60
brucellosis
undulant fever: flu-like symptoms, limb/back pain, intermittent fever, malaise B. melitensis and B. suis more transmissible in humans
61
Pasteurella multicida
G- coccobacilli domestic animal bites (cats) joint infections, osteomyelitis, meningitis, endocarditis

PBD II (12 decks)

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