Environmental/Nutritional Diseases

Question 1

Top 3 causes of death postnatal to 5 yrs

Answer 1

1. pneumonia
2. diarrheal diseases
3. malaria falciparum

Question 2

dangerous particle size

Question 3

lead lines

Answer 3

dark line on gingiva, bright line on epiphysis (x-ray)

Question 4

heavy metals

Answer 4

lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium

Question 5

lead lines

Answer 5

dark line on gingiva, bright line on epiphysis (x-ray)

Question 6

lead toxicity children

Answer 6

CNS problems

Question 7

lead toxicity adults

Answer 7

peripheral neuropathies (wrist/foot drop)
demyelinating

Question 8

course basophilic stipling in reticulocytes

Answer 8

indicative of lead toxicity, microcytic hypochromic anemia

Question 9

mercury toxicity

Answer 9

Hg binds sulfhydryl groups with high affinity, causes CNS and kidney damage

Question 10

menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)

Answer 10

estrogen-progestin increases risk of breast cancer and coagulable events

Question 11

cadmium

Answer 11

Source: batteries, paint
Organs: lungs, kidneys creates ROS (mucin + inflammation)

Question 12

cocaine

Answer 12

coronary vasospasms
hyperpyrexia
spontaneous abortion
blocks DA and NE reuptake

Question 13

oral contraceptive (OC) + thromboembolism

Answer 13

factor V Leiden mutation

Question 14

heat cramp

Answer 14

fluid depletion

Question 15

heat exhaustion

Answer 15

Hypovolemia

Moist, clammy skin, dilated pupils, normal/subnormal body temp

Question 16

heat stroke

Answer 16

Loss of thermoregulatory response

Dry, hot skin, constricted pupils, high body temp

Question 17

malignant hyperthermia

Answer 17

ryanodine receptor

Question 18

marasmus

Answer 18

muscle wasting (M&M)
calorie deficiency

Question 19

Kwashiorkor

Answer 19

edematous

protein deficiency

Question 20

anorexia and bulimia

Answer 20

low protein, low vitamin C (for capillary strength)

Question 21

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 21

ADEK

Question 22

Vit A

Answer 22

1. maturation of respiratory epithelium
2. vision
3. cell growth
4. lipid metabolism
   Stored in liver ito cells

Question 23

Vit A deficiency

Answer 23

Squamous metaplasia in lungs

Bitot spots in eyes

Question 24

Vit D

Answer 24

Calcium absorption
Steps:
1. sunshine
2. liver
3. kidney

Question 25

Vit D deficiency

Answer 25

Kids: Rickets
Adults: osteomalacia
Rachitic rosary: prominent knobs of bone on ribs

Question 26

Vit C

Answer 26

Collagen synthesis/crosslinking
Maintenance of tissue
Wound healing

Question 27

Vit C deficiency

Answer 27

Bone disease in growing children
Hemorrhages and healing defects
Bleeding gingiva: scurvy