Intervertebral Discs Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joints are intervertebral discs?

A

Symphyses

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2
Q

Where are ivntervertebral discs located?

A

Between vertebral bodies from C2 to sacrum

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3
Q

Where are the degenerate discs located?

A

Between S5 and Cx1

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4
Q

Where are IVDs thicker anteriorly than posteriorly? Why?

A
  • Cervical regions
  • Lumbar regions
  • Helps created spinal curvatures
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5
Q

Where are IVDs flat?

A

Thoracic regions

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6
Q

Where are IVDs thinnest?

A

Upper thoracic

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7
Q

Where are IVDs thickest

A

Lumbar region

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8
Q

Convex posteriorly

A

Kyphosis

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9
Q

Convex anteriorly

A

Lordosis

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10
Q

Lateral curvature

A

Scoliosis

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11
Q

Discs adhere to inferior surface of a body of a vertebra above and superior surface of the body below via:

A

Vertebral end plate

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12
Q

Vertebral end plate is a thin layer of:

A

Hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

Part of the IVD with an outer collagenous zone and a wider, inner fibrocartilage zone

A

Annulus Fibrosis

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14
Q

Fibers of annulus fibrosis at adjacent laminae arranged obliquely at _____ from horizontal

A

30 degrees

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15
Q

Oblique arrangement of annulus fibrosis fibers =

A

Torsional strength to disc

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16
Q

Which direction does the outer lamina bulge of the annulus fibrosis extend?

A

Externally

17
Q

Which direction does the inner lamina bulge of the annulus fibrosis extend?

A

Internally

18
Q

Function of annulus fibrosis

A
  • Enclose and retain nucleus pulposis
  • Absorb compressive shocks
  • Structure unit between vertebral bodies
  • Allows restricted motion
19
Q

What percentage of the IVD does the nucleus pulposus make up of?

20
Q

The nucleus pulposis is a remnant of what embryological structure?

21
Q

When do the notchordal cells disappear?

A

Within first decade of life

22
Q

Where are the nucleus pulposuses most developed?

A

Cervical and lumbar regions

23
Q

Where are the nucleus pulposus more skewed?

A

Posteriorly

24
Q

Nucleus pulposus function

A
  • Resilient spacer allowing motion between vertebrae
  • Distributes compressive forces
25
Nucleus pulposus is extruded through defect in annulus fibrosis
Herniation
26
Where is a hernia most likely to occur?
Lumbar region, posterolaterally
27
Where is the annulus fibrosus thinnest?
Posteriorly
28
Are IVDs vascular or avascular? Exception?
Avascular, except for periphery
29
What ligaments are IVDs attached to?
Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
30
What are IVDs attached to the ribs via?
Interarticular ligaments
31
IVDs contribute to how much of the vertebral column height?
1/5th
32
Functions of the IVD
- Bearing weight - Dissipating shock (high water content) - Distributes loads - Flexible buffer between rigid vertebrae - Adequate motion at low loads, stability at higher loads
33
IVD posterior innervation
Recurrent meningeal nerve