Extrinsic Back

Question 1

Muscle type found in the walls of hollow organs

Answer 1

Smooth muscles

Question 2

Contractions of smooth muscles are _____ movements triggered by impulses from _____ nervous system

Answer 2

• Involuntary
• Autonomic

Question 3

Cardiac muscle fibers are made up of cells called:

Answer 3

Cardiomyocytes

Question 4

Function of contraction of cardiac muscle fibers

Answer 4

Pumps the heart

Question 5

Thin connective tissue that wraps around the whole muscle

Answer 5

Epimysium

Question 6

Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

Answer 6

Perimysium

Question 7

CT surrounding muscle fiber

Answer 7

Endomysium

Question 8

Where muscle attaches to a bone

Answer 8

Attachment sites

Question 9

Attachment site where bone remains immobile during action

Answer 9

Origin

Question 10

Place on the bone that moves during an action

Answer 10

Insertion

Question 11

Muscle that is performing an action

Answer 11

Agonist

Question 12

Muscle that performs opposite action is relaxing

Answer 12

Antagonist

Question 13

Muscle types circular in shape

Answer 13

Circular muscles

Question 14

Circular muscle examples

Answer 14

• Orbicularis oris
• Orbicularis oculi
• Sphincters of bowels, bladder

Question 15

Muscle types wider than the point of insertion

Answer 15

Convergent

Question 16

What does convergent fiber arrangement allow for

Answer 16

Maximum force production

Question 17

What is convergent muscle sometimes called?

Answer 17

Triangular muscles

Question 18

Convergent muscle example

Answer 18

Pectoralis major

Question 19

Muscles which fibers run parallel to each other

Answer 19

Parallel

Question 20

What are parallel muscles also called?

Answer 20

Strap

Question 21

Parallel muscle features

Answer 21

• Long muscles, large movements
• Lower strength, higher endurance

Question 22

Parallel muscle example

Answer 22

Sartorius

Question 23

Muscle type that is sometime included in parallel muscle group

Answer 23

Fusiform

Question 24

Fusiform muscle shape

Answer 24

Spindle

Question 25

Muscle belly is wider that origin and insertion

Answer 25

Fusiform

Question 26

Fusiform example

Answer 26

Biceps brachii

Question 27

Skeletal muscle type defined as a large number of muscle fibers, high strength

Answer 27

Pennate

Question 28

Skeletal muscle type in which fibers are arranged to inset in a diagonal direction onto the tendon

Answer 28

Unipennate

Question 29

Unipennate examples

Answer 29

- Lumbricals - Extenson digitorum longus

Question 30

Skeletal muscle type in which two rows of muscle fibers are facing in opposite directions

Answer 30

Bipennate

Question 31

Where do bipennate muscle fibers insert onto?

Answer 31

Central tendon

Question 32

Bipennate muscle features

Answer 32

- Greater power - Less ROM

Question 33

Bipennate example

Answer 33

Rectus femoris

Question 34

Skeletal muscle type in which there are multiple rows of diagonal fibers

Answer 34

Multipennate

Question 35

Multipennate example

Answer 35

Deltoid

Question 36

Types of muscles by inneravation

Answer 36

- Hypaxial - Epaxial

Question 37

Extrinsic back muscles

Answer 37

Hypaxial

Question 38

Intrinsic back muscles

Answer 38

Epiaxial

Question 39

What are hypaxial muscles innervated by?

Answer 39

Ventral rami

Question 40

What are epiaxial muscles innervated by?

Answer 40

Dorsal rami

Question 41

Superficial, extrinsic back muscles (hypaxial, ventral rami)

Answer 41

- Trapezius - Latissimus dorsi - Levator scapulae - Rhomboid major - Rhomboid minor

Question 42

Intermediate hypaxial back muscles

Answer 42

- Serratus posterior superior - Serratus posterior interior

Question 43

Deep/intrinsic epiaxial back muscles

Answer 43

- Erector spinae group - Transversospinalis group - Others

Question 44

Flat sheet or ribbon of tendon like tissue that anchors a muscle

Answer 44

Aponeurosis

Question 45

Purpose of aponeuronsis

Answer 45

Takes place of tendon or bone in sheet like muscles having wide area of attachment

Question 46

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis blends laterally with aponeurosis of which muscle?

Answer 46

Transversus abdominus muscle in the lumbar region

Question 47

The anterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis is anterior to:

Answer 47

Quadratus lumborum muscle

Question 48

The anterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis ends where?

Answer 48

Medially in TPs of lumbar vertebrae

Question 49

The middle layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis is posterior to:

Answer 49

Quadratus muscle, attaches to TP

Question 50

The middle layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis is anterior to:

Answer 50

Intrinsic muscles of the back

Question 51

What does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis cover?

Answer 51

Erector spinae group

Question 52

Where does the thoracolumbar aponeurosis end?

Answer 52

Laterally in lumbar by blending with aponeurosis of transverse abdominis muscle

Question 53

Principal actions of the superficial back muscles

Answer 53

Motions of the upper limbs

Question 54

Superficial back muscles are innervated by:

Answer 54

Ventral rami of spinal nerves, hypaxial