Interpretive frame of reference

Question 1

Z score (standard score)

Answer 1

Cumputed by;
- Whether a raw score falls above or below the mean
- The distance of the score from the mean

Function
Provides insight into the meaning of test scores as being high, medium or low (degree to which it’s above/below mean)
Can be used to conceptualize/compute statistical values, eg correlation

Question 2

Converted Z Scores (standardized scores)

Answer 2

To make interpretation of z-scores easier. Converting the Z-score back o a T score by multiplying with mean and sd

Question 3

Percentile ranks

Answer 3

Number of raw scores lower than indivi’s devided by total number OR

IF the individual differences are normally distributed with use of z-score;

Look at the table to find Z-score. If positive, add 0.50 to proportion obtained from table.
if negative, substract the propotion from .50

Question 4

normalized scores

Answer 4

Use scores of assumed normality of a construct if the obtained test is not normally distributed. The raw test scores are computed to percentile ranks, which are converted to standard scores in the table. It’s computed using the z-score from the table

Question 5

(Non)probability Sampling

Answer 5

Prabability sampling; Using certain procedures that ensure representative sample. Eg random

Non probability: not representative, eg use volunteers