International System Dynamics Flashcards
Define Dynamics
Interactions in the international system
- Cooperation
- Conflict
Define Cooperation
- Mutual adjustment of policy
- Benefits both actors, but not always equally
- Large range of actors can be involved in cooperation: state, non-state actors
Define South-South Cooperation
mainly used to create, exchange and develop technical abilities, experiences and knowledge between countries with a similar level of development, based on the concepts of equity, trust and collaborative effort.
Define South-North Cooperation
based on how the knowledge provided by so-called developing countries can be important for developed nations with respect to certain matters of experience, lessons learned and significant practices, among others.
Define Triangular Cooperation
It is a mixed variant of International Cooperation that combines traditional or vertical cooperation with South-South Cooperation, in order to provide aid to a third developing country. Triangular Cooperation helps supplements existing strengths in developing countries, especially middle-income countries and traditional donors, in order to face development challenges and advance towards common interests, using solutions that can be adapted to the contexts and realities of nations.
Define Bilateral Cooperation
It involves the participation of two different countries, or of institutions from said two countries. The sources of bilateral cooperation are the governments of countries that maintain relations based on International Cooperation. These relations are government-to-government in nature, through embassies or agencies that serve as cooperation instances, as well as technical coordination entities
Define Multilateral Cooperation
It a type of cooperation discussed and channeled through international, regional and sub-regional organizations, which involves several countries with certain political, regional or sector interests. Cooperation is implemented using their own resources or funds provided by member countries for specific topics. Examples include the United Nations (UN), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank and the CAF Development Bank of Latin America.
Define Decentralized Cooperation
These are all the international cooperation actions carried out or promoted by local and regional governments in a direct manner, without the intermediation of central States or multilateral organizations.
Define Non-Governmental Cooperation
This type of cooperation is established between non-governmental parties. A non-governmental entity takes actions that are not related to the State but come from a group of people in civil society. It is of a private and generally non-profit nature, for instance in the case of universities, private foundations and NGOs. For the most part, this kind of aid is implemented and directed by non-governmental parties from high income nations towards organizations of the same type in developing countries.
Define Horizontal Cooperation
Also known as South-South Cooperation, is occurs between countries with a similar level of development or involving countries with lesser degrees of development.
Define Financial Cooperation
This is offered by assigning financial resources with the aim of promoting development projects. It can be classified as refundable (concessional credit terms) or non-refundable. Refundable financial cooperation consists of flexible credit that, nonetheless, involves favorable conditions with respect to time and interest. Non-refundable financial cooperation is offered by allocating resources in cash for the purpose of promoting development projects or activities.
Define Counterpart
These resources are provided by the beneficiary of cooperation in order to carry out a project. It is usually a $1 to $1 donation made in order to match the funds supplied by another donor.
Define Technical Cooperation:
This assistance is provided by transferring techniques, technologies, knowledge, abilities or experiences for the purpose of supporting the socio- economic development of countries with lesser levels of development in specific areas. With this type of cooperation technological development, human resource training and institutional capacity improvement also benefit.
Define Food Aid
Direct donation of food, access to concessional credit lines or non-refundable assistance for acquiring food products in case of disaster or conflict.
Define Humanitarian and Emergency Aid:
It is used as a form of prevention and to provide aid during emergencies such as natural disasters, epidemics and situations of human rights violation.
