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conceptos midterm > International Actors > Flashcards

International Actors Flashcards

1
Q

What is an International Actor?

A
  • Actors are entities that participate in or promote international relations.
  • Two types of actors involved in IR include state and non-state actors.
  • State represents a government while non-state actors do not. However, they have impact on state actors
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2
Q

Classification of International Actors

A
  • Scope (Global or regional)

- Functions (social, political ,economical, environmental )

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3
Q

Define Nation-State

A

can be largely defined as autonomous geopolitical entities inhabited by citizens sharing the same language, history and ethnicity.

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4
Q

Define State

A

Refers to either the present condition of a system or entity, or to a governed entity (such as a country) or sub entity (such as a province or region).

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5
Q

Define Nation

A

community who think they are different from others in term of history, ethnicity, language, religion.

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6
Q

Characteristics of the nation-state

A
  • Geographically defined
  • Sovereingty
  • Government
  • Boundaries
  • Nationalism
  • Obedience and loyalty of population
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7
Q

Role of nation-state in IR

A
  • Decision making (politics, economy, social, culture).
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8
Q

Non-state actor (definition)

A
  • Are no sovereign entities that exercise significant economic, political or social power and influence at a national and in some cases international level.
  • There is no consensus on the members of this category and some definitions include: trade unions, community organizations, religious institutions, ethnic groups, universities.
  • The impact of non-state actors is context-dependent, however, the roles they play and the influence they exert depend upon political, economic and social context.
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9
Q

Non-state actors (examples)

A
  • International intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
  • Transnational or International non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
  • Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
  • Social Movements
  • Terrorist Groups
  • Criminal organizations
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10
Q

what are IGOs

A
  • Voluntary associations of sovereign states
  • Created by treaties and negotiations
  • Pursue objectives of the states
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11
Q

IGOs (Examples)

A
  1. United Nation
  2. World Bank
  3. The group of Eight (G8)
  4. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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12
Q

What is United Nation

A
  • Maintain international peace and security
  • Develop friendly relations among nations
  • Achieve international cooperation in solving international problems.
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13
Q

What is the World Bank

A

• International Financial Institution that works in reducing poverty in developing country by giving loans

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14
Q

What is the The group of Eight (G8)

A
  • Made up of the world’s leading industrial countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA and Russia)
  • Head of the G8 countries meet each year to discuss global issues such as world poverty and security.
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15
Q

What is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A
  • Military Alliance
  • A system of collective defense where its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.
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16
Q

Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

A
  • Driver of global economic integration
  • Profit maximization
  • More powerful as independent actors
  • They act internationally in the interest of their (international) shareholders and do owe no form loyalty to no state.
17
Q

Industrial Corporations

A
  • Makes goods in factories in many countries and see them to business and consumers in various countries.
  • The larges MNCs are automobile, oil and electronic indusutries.
  • Almost all the MNCs are based in G7 states.
  • Examples : Sony, Honda, Toyota, Petronas
18
Q

Financial Corporations

A
  • Such as banks
  • Operate multinationally with more restrictions than industrial corporations.
  • Examples: Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Limited (OCBC Bank) and others.
19
Q

Services

A
  • McDonald’s fast-food chain
  • International airlines
  • Hilton Hotels
20
Q

NGOs

A
  • Organizations that are private, self-governing, voluntary, non-profit, and task, or interested-oriented, advocacy organization.
  • They can implement projects, provide services, defend or promote specific causes or seek influence policy.
  • Huge dedree of diversity in terms of unifying principals
    • Independence from government, big-business and other outside influences, operating procedures, sources of founding, international reach and size.
  • Since 2001, advocacy NGO works with transnational issues such as environment, public health, migration, displacement and social.
  • Economic justice have received greater visibility and influence thanks to the increase of public demands for actions in such areas
21
Q

NGOs Examples

A
  1. Amnesty International
  2. Oxfam
  3. AISEC
  4. World Wide Fund for Nature
  5. Wikimedia Foundation
  6. PATH
22
Q

Amnesty International

A

Worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights for all

  • conducts research and generate action to prevent and grave abuses of human rights.
  • demand justice for those whose human rights have been violated.
  • Protect civilians and basic welfare of children, LGBT rights, rights of people with AIDS, women rights, disability rights…
23
Q

Oxfam

A
  • International confederation of 17 organizations networked together in 92 countries, as part of a global movement for change, to build a future free from the injustice of poverty.
  • Works to help eliminate global poverty with long-term and sustainable solutions.
24
Q

AISEC

A
  • Links students worldwide
25
Q
  1. World Wide Fund for Nature
A
  • Works on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment and hundreds and thousands more NGOs to go.
26
Q
  1. Wikimedia Foundation
A
  • Dedicated to encourage the growth, development and distribution of free, multilingual content, and to provide full content of these wiki-based projects to the public free of charge.
  • Operates some of the largest collaboratively edited reference projects in the world, including Wikipedia, a top-ten internet property.
27
Q
  1. PATH
A
  • Stands for program appropriate technology in health

- works with the private and public sectors to help with advancing technologies to address global health challenges.

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