International Nutrition

Question 1

name 3 Sustainable Development Goals related to nutrition.

Answer 1

Zero Hunger – SDG # 2
Health – SDG #3 “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”
“WASH” (Water, sanitation, hygiene),

Question 2

what is a basic cause of malnutrition

Answer 2

Poor roads, lack of electricity, increased isolation

Question 3

what are some underlying cause of malnutrition

Answer 3

o	poverty (Dwellings w/o electricity, running water)
o	food insecurity
o	unhealthy household 
o	environment
o	inadequate healthcare

Question 4

what are some immediate causes of malnutrition

Answer 4

o Inadequate intake

o Disease

Question 5

what are some long term outcomes of under-nutrition

Answer 5

Limited adult size
Limited intellectual capacity
reduced Economic productivity
Reproductive performance
Chronic diseases (metabolic & cardiovascular)

Question 6

Underweight & short stature in mothers = independent risk factors for _________

Answer 6

Poor reproductive outcomes:

~20% of maternal mortality

Question 7

Maternal height predicted infant ____

Answer 7

length at 6 and 12 mo

Question 8

Micronutrient deficiencies that contribute to poor growth are _____

Answer 8

Zn, I, Fe, and Vit A (to some degree)

Question 9

describe the The Impoverished Gut:

“Triple Burden”

Answer 9

the interplay b/w -Diarrhea, Stunting, and Chronic disease.

poverty -> disease -> diarrhea-> decreased absoption -> malnutrition -> cognitive impairment -> poverty

Question 10

what are maternal interventions that work?

Answer 10

1) Peri-conceptional folate supplementation, Iodine fortification
2) Balanced energy-protein supplement
3) Iron [& Ca] supplement
4) Multiple micronutrient supplementation in PG

Question 11

what are interventions that work for infants

Answer 11

Promotion of breastfeeding 
Appropriate complementary feeding
Vitamin A supplementation
Preventive Zn supplementation
Management severe & moderate acute malnutrition (SAM & MAM)

Question 12

what are 4 interventions/approaches to solving malnutrition ? and what are potential obstacles

Answer 12

1)Daily micronutrient supplements
con: Distribution & sustainability/compliance
2)Home fortification w/micronutrients
Micronutrient powders (MNP):
(+) efficacy for anemia, bioavailability (add to what
foods?), con: how to dose, sustainability
3) Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements
Milk powder, peanut butter, micronutrients-sachet
con: people might not like it
4) Staple food fortification
Levels of MN – target group?
Vehicle: salt (I), sugar (Vit A), grains
con: Requires centralized production