Adult Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Question 1

Define obesity using BMI and waist circumference.

Answer 1

> 30 kg/m^2 BMI
men >40 inches waist circumference
women > 35 inches
morbid obesity = >40 BMI

Question 2

what is Metabolic syndrome

Answer 2

It is a specific body phenotype of abdominal obesity associated with a group of metabolic disorders that are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure

Question 3

what are the Characteristics of metabolic syndrome

Answer 3

abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure/hypertension, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes.

Question 4

Risk of DM begins to increase at BMI

Answer 4

> 21-23

Question 5

at least 3 of the 5 criteria are required for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, what are those criteria?

Answer 5

1) waist circumference (>40inches in men,>35 in women)
2) TG >150 mg/dL
3) HDL-C (Men< 40 mg/dL, Women< 50 mg/dL
or on drug treatment for low HDL)
4) Blood Pressure >130/>85 mm Hg
5) fasting glucose >100 mg/dL

Question 6

How Do We Evaluate an Obese Patient?

List the steps in the clinical evaluation of the obese patient

Answer 6

1) Measure degree of adiposity
2) Assess other existing risk factors for cardiovascular disease
3) Screen for complications of obesity
4) Assess for dietary, behavioral, and social factors contributing to obesity
5) Assess readiness for treatment

Question 7

what are Signs of pulmonary hypertension/venous insufficiency on physical exam

Answer 7

(edema, skin hyperpigmentation)

Question 8

Signs of thyroid disease on physical exam

Answer 8

goiter

Question 9

Signs of insulin resistance/diabetes on physical exam

Answer 9

(acanthosis nigricans)