Intergration of Metabolism

Question 1

Name transporters on: RBC, BRAIN, SKELETAL/CARDIAC, ADIPOSE, LIVER

Answer 1

RBC: Glut 1 [C] dependent
Brain: Glut 1 (BBB), Glut 3 [C]
S&C: Glut 4 (insulin dependent)
Adip: Glut 4 (insulin dependent)
Liver: Glut 2 (bidirectional)

Question 2

Name Substrates used by: RBC, BRAIN, SKELETAL/CARDIAC, ADIPOSE, LIVER

Answer 2

Brain: Gluc., KB –> AcetlyCoA
Skel: PK, Gly, G, FA** (AA-fast)
Card: Gluc., FA (FA/KB-fasting)
Adip: Gluc., FA

Question 3

Name Cycles used by: RBC, BRAIN, SKELETAL/CARDIAC, ADIPOSE, LIVER

Answer 3

Check sheet

Question 4

Name the tissues responsive to metabolic hormones (3); Insulin is a ____ hormone, Glycogen & Epinepherine are ____

Answer 4

Liver, mm, adipose
Anabolic
Catabolic

Question 5

Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, glucocorticoids (cortisol) act on Liver, MM, and Adipose tissue right?

Answer 5

No, Glycogen has no function in mm

Question 6

Name and define the (4) types of hypoglycemia?

hypoglycemia is NOT normal - homeostasis should me maintained

Answer 6

Insulin - Induced
Post Prandial - bigmeal overstimulates pan. –> Insulin
Fasting - caused by adrenal damage (no E to inhibit insulin) /G6P (glucose cannot leave liver)
Alcohol Induced - by High NADH

Question 7

Between meals - gluconeogenesis is first used to ____, then ____
What enzyme is released by the thyroid releases ___ fasting state because___; ______ stops being degraded during the _____ stage

Answer 7

remove lactate, energy
T3 - lowers basal met. rate (saves energy)
protein fasting stage

Question 8

NOTE: you run out of ____ by the time you reach intermediate fasting. ______ is utilized to feed enterocytes; ______ kills starving patients: why?

Answer 8

glucose
glutamine
weak immune system

Question 9

What is unique about the early re-fed stage?

Answer 9

gluconeogenic enzymes are still in liver, take AA and use them to make glucose –> glycogen; AA aren’t normally used for energy production after eating