Amino Acid Metabolism

Question 1

Essential vs Non Essential AA

Answer 1

Essential - need to get from diet PVT TIM HALL

Question 2

Because AA are not stored. Where do we get AA from (3)

Answer 2

Dietary (100g)
Body Turnover (mm)
De Novo Synthesis

Question 3

What does our body use AA for (3), what does the body to with excess AA, storage?

Answer 3

Body Building
Creating N-Containing compounds
Synthesis of KB, FA, Steroids

No, the body cannot store AA, they are degraded

Question 4

The happens to proteins in the stomach?

Answer 4

Denatured, Partially digested by Pepsin

Question 5

Pepesinogen is a zymogen, what its activator? What activates pancreatic enzymes cascade? Name the Pancreatic proteases

Answer 5

HCL; Enterokinase (intestinal cells), Trypsin activates rest

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxy peptidase, elastase

Question 6

How does cystic fibrosis interfere with protein digestion?

Answer 6

The mucus prevents protein from being degraded

Question 7

What are the two types of ways protien synthesis and is regulated>

Answer 7

Regulated Synthesis - Syn rates change

Constitutive Synthesis - Syn rates same, deg increas/dec

Question 8

Name the two pathways by which damaged/unneeded proteins are degraded

Answer 8

Ubiquitin - Proteosome Proteolytic (ATP)
(3-utags)–> proteosome

Lysosomal Protein Degradation (no atp)
membrane bound lysosome degrades intra/extracellular protein

Question 9

How do AA get into cells?

What is Cystinuria, and what causes it?

Answer 9

Active transporter

Disorder of the proximal tubules absorption of dibasic AA ( COAL) –> formation of kidney stones because cysteine has low solubility

Question 10

What is Hartnups Disease

Answer 10

Disorder of intestinal/renal absorption of neutral AA (**tryptophan) –> Pellegra (skin/neuronal problems)