Biotransformation

Question 1

What are xenobiotics?

Answer 1

Waste products; removed in liver

Question 2

Phase 1 and 2 Reactions are used to modify xenobiotics; Decribe the processes that go on during each of phase

Answer 2

Reduction, oxidation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis

Conjugation, sulfation, acetylation, methylation

Question 3

What are CYP’s what phase do they participate in? What do they do?
Where are they found?
What do they use?

Answer 3

Enzymes produced from the cytochrome P450 genes; Phase 1

activate molecules, deactivate, eliminate molecules; ER, Mitochondria; NADP & Oz

Question 4

C450 contains a _____ group, with _____ aka __ in the middle. Substrate binding can occur with this oxidation number, however, xenobotic modification requires _____, this is because ____ only beings at this oxidation

Answer 4

heme, ferric (Fe3+)
Ferrous (Fe2+)
O2 - molecular oxygen

Question 5

Explain the equation
Name enzyme? Where did HzO come from?

2NADP + H +Oz + Sub(A-H) –> 2NADPH + HzO + Sub(A-OH

Answer 5

C450 reductase (uses NADP+), 
came from molecular O2, the other one!

Question 6

Name 4 functions of CYP450

Answer 6

Steroid Synthesis: Desmolase
Oxygenation of prostoglandin, ecoisanoids
Vit D. Activation (Elimination)
Bile Production (cholesterol –> bile)

Question 7

CYP____ works in mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids synthesis, deficiency leads to no ___or _____, and caused buildup of ____

Answer 7

21A2,
Mineral/gluco - corticoids
cholesterol

Question 8

CYP____ metabolizes 50% of drugs, can be inhibited by _____. This CYP functions in the elimination of statins

Answer 8

CYP3A4
GF juice
CO

Question 9

CYP___ can modify Tylenol, and is induced by ______

Answer 9

CYP21E1

Alcohol