interactionalist theory - done Flashcards
the social construction of crime sub-topics
who gets labeled?
cicourel - the negotiation of justice
topic versus resource
the social construction of crime statistics
the effects of labeling
primary and secondary deviance
deviance amplification spiral
labelling and criminal justice policy
reintegrative shaming
what is the social construct of crime
labelling theorists wonder how acts are labelled as criminal in the first place, no act is deviant until it labelled so, it isnt the nature of the act that is criminal but the reaction of society that makes it
who gets labelled
certain groups are more likely to be labelled as deviant e.g. youths die to the way they dress - piliavin and briar, other influences to officers are gender class and ethinicty
cicourel - the negotiation of justice
due to police officer therories or typifications of what a delinquent is , in turn they developed a bias against w/c and their areas, these were monitored more closely. cicourel argues justice is not fixed but negotitated as m/c if arrested are less likely to be convicted as they dont fit typifications
primary and secondary research
lemert - prim deviance refers to acts not publically labelled as deviant - pointless to seek cause due to there being too many. sec devianve is societal reaction, shaming, shunning or excluding the person. the label deviant becomes the person master status, this label is likely to provoke a future career in deviance also
deviance amplification spiral
labelling and criminal justice policy
acts to control and punish young offenders has had the opposite effects, negative labels push offenders to a further career of deviance. to reduce crime we need to enforce more and make less rules to be broken, e.g. decriminalising soft drugs reduce conviction rate and prevent sec deviance
reintegrative shaming
disintegrative - labels both act and actor and excludes them from society
reintergrative - labels act not the actor - makes them aware of situation and encourages soicety to forgive, easier for them to join back into society.
braithwaite says this method is best for lowering crime rates
