ethnicity crime and justice - done

Question 1

ethnicity and criminalisation

Answer 1

black people take up 3% and asians take up 6.5% of population yet they only make up 13.1 and 7.7% of prison population, OS tell us involvment not whose most likely. vitim surveys and SRS may offer this

Question 2

victim surveys

Answer 2

they can help to identify the persons ethnicity what crimes they have been victims of and who commited the crime against them - shows that great deal of crime s intra-ethnic. they are however limited as they rely on memory, cover personal crimes, they exclude crimes by and against organisations

Question 3

self report studies

Answer 3

ask people to confess - graham and bowling study of 2500 - black and whites had similar rates of offending unlike Asians which were much lower

Question 4

ethnicity racism and the criminal justice system

Answer 4

there are numerous different stages in which ethnicity may play a part in the criminal justice system

Question 5

policing

Answer 5

police opress minority groups, blacks are 7x as likely to be stopped and serched whilst ages are 2x more likely than whites, only a small amount end in arrests

Question 6

prosecution and trial

Answer 6

CPS is more likely to drop a case against ethnic minorities - evidence is often based n stereotyping

Question 7

convictions and sentencing

Answer 7

ethnics are less likely to be found guilty yet blacks get on average 3months more than white and asians 9months

Question 8

explaining the differences in offending

Answer 8

left realism and neo Marxists have views on the differences in offending

Question 9

neo marxism

Answer 9

Gilroy - the myth of black criminality
hall et al - policing the crisis

Question 10

Gilroy - the myth of criminality

Answer 10

minorities appear in greater quantities in OS as they are stereotyped by persecutors in Gilroy view ethnic minority crime is the result of resistance against racism. he claims that deviant behaviour was passed on yet lea and young say rhat in the 50/60s they were law abiding citizens, he also romanticises street crime although its intra ethnic

Question 11

hall et al policing the crisis

Answer 11

use of force is required when capitalism faces moral panic. in the 70s street crim turned to mugging which was then associeted with black youth by polive and the media. due to crisis occuring at the same time, capitalism used it as a scapegoat to hide real caus (unemployment) - made the black youth seem as a threat - aimed at weakening w/c by dividing them

Question 12

ethnicity and victimization

Answer 12

more recently the focus has become the racist victimization of ethnic minorities - is when a victim is selected based on race or religion - not new but more known because of murder of Stephen Lawrence and the police handling investigation

Question 13

extent and risk of victimization

Answer 13

there were 54,000 racist reported insidents yet due to some being unreported it is thought to be 89,000 in 2014/15. research shows that mixed races are more likley to be victims at 27.9%whereas all else is below 18%

Question 14

hall et al criticisms

Answer 14

downes and rock - he is inconsistent in claiming that black crime was risisng but that it was rising because of unemployment, they dont show how the capitalist crisis led to a moral panic