gender crime and justice - done

Question 1

gender patterns in crime

Answer 1

4/5 criminals are male, at age of 40 9% or females and 32% of males have been conicted, violence or sexual crimes done more by men and property crime is women. men more likely to commit serious crime and go to prion multiple times, they are 15x as likely to murder

Question 2

do women commit more crime

Answer 2

statistics underestimate female crime as they are less likely to be reported - prostitution is not likely to be exposed by either people, womens crime is less likely to be prosecuted and more likely let off

Question 3

chivalry thesis

Answer 3

men are taught chivalry from a young age and since most criminal justice agents are male they are more likely to be lenient with women so they don’t pop up on statistics. graham and bowings found from a self-report survey that the gap between men and women is much less than thought. OS shows 4x whereas SRS shows 2.33x more likely for men to commit a crime

Question 4

evidence against the chivalry thesis

Answer 4

Farrington + morris - study of 408 theft court cases - courts werent leniant on women
SRS - shows men commit more crimes anyway
womens offences may be treated better as mostly they are less serious

Question 5

explaining female crime

Answer 5

social rather than bio factors are responsible for differences in offending,
three explanations - sex role theory, control theory and liberation thesis

Question 6

functionalist sex role theory

Answer 6

socialization is different for genders - parsons traces crime back to gender roles in the nuc family - lack of male role models results in crime

Question 7

heidensohn - patriachal control

Answer 7

patriachal control is reason for crime differnece in gender as it reduces opportunities. womens cotnrol comes at home (husbands and fathers), the public (threat and fear of violent crime by men) and at work (managers and supervisors)

Question 8

liberation thesis

Answer 8

adler - if society is less patriarchal (liberated) women would have similar crime rates to men, change in social structure has shifted women to do more seriosu crimes rather than shoplifitng - due to better self confidence - 2nd half of 20th century when equality was better female crime rate rose

Question 9

criticisms of liberation thesis

Answer 9

female crime rate rose long before liberation movement
most female criminals are the people least likely to be influenced by women liberation

Question 10

gender and victimisation

Answer 10

2% of women compared to 4% of men are victims of violence, 10x more lkiley for women so be SA then men, 30% of homicide victims are female. women have greater fear of crime but CSEW claim they are less likely to be victims however lea and young claim this is not true

Question 11

masculinity and crime

Answer 11

Messerschmidt - crime or deviance is a way of achieving masculinity
white w/c youth - in and out of school, opposing teacher sand being sexist
white m/c youth - they conform in school yet out they drink, vandilise and do pranka
black lower w/c youths - gang membership as they have fewer expectations of themselves

Question 12

criticisms of messerschmidt

Answer 12

doesn’t explain why not all men use crime to achieve masculinity,
he overworks masculinity to explain crime