Intelligence - Exam Review

Question 1

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Answer 1

theory that there are separable abilities that constitute intelligence.

Include:

• visual
• linguistic
• logical/mathematical
• musical
• bodily/kinesthetic
• naturalistic
• interpersonal
• intrapersonal
• theory has little empirical support.

Question 2

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 2

refers to the ability to identify and manage one’s own emotions, as well as the emotions of others.

Question 3

Attachment-promotion hypothesis

Answer 3

suggests that women evolved greater facility in identifying emotions due to their importance in long-term parental bonding processes and role as primary caretaker.

• women detect negative emotions faster than positive.

Question 4

Cattell’s Two Types of Intelligence

Answer 4

1. ) Crystallized
2. ) Fluid
   - as people get older, crystallized intelligence increases and fluid decreases.

Question 5

General intelligence/ g factor

Answer 5

broad mental capacity underlies all intelligent behaviour.

ex: verbal ability, mathematical ability, spatial manipulation.

Question 6

Is there a genetic basis of intelligence?

Answer 6

• identical twins share more similar results of intelligence.

Question 7

French Study of adopted children

Answer 7

when young children living in impoverished orphanages are adopted by families in high socioeconomic status, there IQ scores tend to increase.

Question 8

Working Memory

Answer 8

• allows us to be conscious of events for ongoing cognitive tasks.
• very limited capacity, but flexible duration.

Question 9

Thinking Workbench

Answer 9

allows us to hold events temporarily in the focus of consciousness to manipulate or act on them.

Question 10

Intelligence & Working Memory Capacity

Answer 10

there is a strong positive correlation between working memory and cognitive ability.

Question 11

N-Back Test

Answer 11

shows that progressively increasing WM capacity leads to improvements in fluid intelligence.

Question 12

Flynn Effect

Answer 12

the increase in intelligence in the general population over time supported by a steady increase in IQ scores.

Question 13

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 13

the knowledge a person has already acquired and the ability to access that knowledge.

Question 14

Fluid intelligence

Answer 14

the ability to see complex relationships and solve new problems.

Question 15

Three stage memory model

Answer 15

sensory memory (receives sensory input) –> short-term memory (holds info for a short time) –> long-term memory (info is held indefinitely).

Question 16

Critics of N-Back Test

Answer 16

• unclear how long these effects persist.

- unclear the extent to which these benefits generalize to real-world intellectual ability.