Emotion Flashcards
Valence
affective states have a good/bad distinction.
Types of Affect
1) emotion
2) mood
3) motivation
4) sensation
Emotion
biologically based responses that arise from the brain and have effects on the body, shaped by learning.
Mood
more enduring, more ill-defined.
Components of Emotion
1) changes in physiology.
2) subjective experience.
3) expression/behaviour.
Categorial View
argues that each emotion is a fundamentally distinct entity with its own distinguishable circuitry in the brain.
Flow
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness.
Components of flow
- ) absorption in activity.
- ) loss of consciousness.
- ) distorted sense of time.
- ) sense of ecstasy.
Are emotions universally recognized?
there is remarkable cross-cultural similarity in the recognition of specific emotions.
ex: sadness, happiness, anger, disgust, fear.
Emotions shape
- ) perception
- ) memory
- ) decisions
- ) cognition
Propranolol
- beta-blocker that blocks brain receptivity to a stress hormone called norepinephrine which dilutes arousal and blocks the effect of emotion on memory which decreases PTSD symptoms.
Effects of emotion on perception
Expressions are configured differently because of how we perceive our environment.
Ex: disgust helps expel something from our sensory systems & fear helps us take in more of the world around us.
Effects of emotion on memory
emotional events are better remembered in both accuracy and vividness than neutral events.
Ultimatum game
- If you accept money, offer is divided as proposed, if you reject no one gets anything.
- People reject low offers in spite of proposer making more money, whether it’s a human or CPU.
- humans are not purely ration decision makers.
Affective blindsight
refers to the uncanny ability of such patients to respond correctly, or above chance level, to visual emotional expressions presented to their blind fields.
Dimensional View
proposes that the fundamental elements of all emotions are actually arousal and valence and that each emotion is simply a result of combining particular level of arousal + valence.
Disgust sensitivity
a persons general tendency to become easily disgusted by various scenarios is correlated with political conservatism.
Non conscious emotion
emotional content presented non-consciously can influence judgment of neutral content presented shortly after.
Mere exposure effect
simply being exposed to a stimulus repeatedly increases our liking for it.
- increase is largest for stimuli that are presented non-consciously.
Facial Attractiveness
judgments of facial attractiveness increase with exposure to the face.
Cortical Blindness
refers to the phenomenon of blindness resulting from damage to the visual cortex (rather than damage to the retina).
Charles Whitman
- discovered a tumour crushing his amygdala & hippocampus.
- caused aggressive behaviour (murder).
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
lesions to amygdala is accompanied by markedly lower aggression, decreased fear, and increased sexual behaviour.
Amygdala Activation
- produces bursts of aggression.
- seen during manic episodes.
- predicts the emotional impact on memory recall.
Nucleus Accumbens
part of the basal ganglia that becomes active when individuals encounter a range of pleasurable content.
Self-disclosure
nucleus accumbens becomes engaged even when individuals disclose information about themselves, suggesting that the act of self-disclosure is pleasurable.
Zygomaticus Major
a muscle that controls facial expression, drawing the mouth’s angle upward and outward.
