Intelligence & Creativity Flashcards
The research tradition that spawned standardized tests of intelligence and that views intelligence as a trait or a set of traits that can be measured and that varies from person to person.
psychometric approach
Aspects of intelligence that involve actively thinking and reasoning to solve novel problems.
fluid intelligence
Those aspects of intellectual functioning that involve using knowledge acquired through experience.
crystallized intelligence
A measure of intellectual development that reflects the level of age-graded problems that a child is able to solve; the age at which a child functions intellectually.
mental age
One of the most widely used, individually administered intelligence tests, which yields an IQ
score.
Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale
A numerical measure of a person’s performance on an intelligence test relative to the performance of other examinees of the same age, typically with a score of 100 defined as average.
intelligence quotient (IQ)
Standards of normal performance on psychometric instruments based on the average scores and range of scores obtained by a large, representative sample of test takers.
test norms
A set of widely used, individually administered intelligence tests that yield verbal, performance, and overall IQ scores.
Wechsler Scales
A symmetrical curve that describes the variability of characteristics within a population. Most people fall at or near the average score; there are relatively few high or low scores.
normal distribution
A measure of the dispersion or spread around the mean of a distribution of scores.
standard deviation; in the case of IQ tests with a mean score of 100, the SD is 15, meaning that about two-thirds of people taking the test have scores between 85 and 115.
The phenomenon in which extraordinary talent in a particular area is displayed by a person who is otherwise mentally retarded.
savant syndrome
An intelligence test based on Sternberg’s triarchic
theory that uses a variety of question formats to assess practical, creative, and analytical components of intelligence.
Sternberg’s Triarchic Abilities Tests (STAT)
An information-processing theory of intelligence that emphasizes three aspects of intelligent behavior: a practical component emphasizing the effect of context on what is intelligent; a creative component centering on whether a task is novel or familiar; and an analytic component focused on the cognitive processes used to solve a problem.
triarchic theory of intelligence
The process by which information processing becomes effortless and highly efficient as a result of continued practice or increased expertise.
automatization
The situation that arises in testing when one cultural or subcultural group is more familiar with test items than another group and therefore has an unfair advantage.
culture bias
Sternberg’s concept that people are intelligent to the extent that they are able to succeed in life in their sociocultural context.
successful intelligence
Thinking that involves “converging” on the one best answer to a problem; what IQ tests measure.
convergent thinking
The ability to produce novel responses or works.
creativity
Thinking that requires coming up with a variety of ideas or solutions to a problem when there is no one right answer.
divergent thinking
A numerical measure of an infant’s performance on a developmental test relative to the performance of other infants the same age.
developmental quotient (DQ)
Standardized test to measure the mental, motor, and behavioral progress of infants and young children.
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
The notion that impoverished environments inhibit intellectual growth and that these inhibiting effects accumulate over time.
cumulative-deficit hypothesis
A rapid decline in intellectual abilities that people within a few years of dying often experience.
terminal drop
A combination of rich factual knowledge about life and procedural knowledge such as strategies for giving advice and handling conflicts.
wisdom
The rise in average IQ scores over the 20th century.
Flynn effect
A widely used instrument that allows an observer to determine how intellectually stimulating or impoverished a home environment is.
Home Observation for Measurement of the
Environment (HOME) inventory
A household climate that includes low income along with low levels of responsive to children’s basic needs.
child poverty
An individual’s fear of being judged to have the qualities associated with negative stereotypes of his or her social group.
stereotype threat
The possession of unusually high general intellectual potential or of special abilities in such areas as creativity, mathematics, or the arts.
giftedness
Significantly below average intellectual functioning with limitations in areas of adaptive behavior such as self-care and social skills, originating before age 18 (previously known as mental retardation).
intellectual disability
