Intelligence & Creativity

Question 1

The research tradition that spawned standardized tests of intelligence and that views intelligence as a trait or a set of traits that can be measured and that varies from person to person.

Answer 1

psychometric approach

Question 2

Aspects of intelligence that involve actively thinking and reasoning to solve novel problems.

Answer 2

fluid intelligence

Question 3

Those aspects of intellectual functioning that involve using knowledge acquired through experience.

Answer 3

crystallized intelligence

Question 4

A measure of intellectual development that reflects the level of age-graded problems that a child is able to solve; the age at which a child functions intellectually.

Answer 4

mental age

Question 5

One of the most widely used, individually administered intelligence tests, which yields an IQ
score.

Answer 5

Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale

Question 6

A numerical measure of a person’s performance on an intelligence test relative to the performance of other examinees of the same age, typically with a score of 100 defined as average.

Answer 6

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 7

Standards of normal performance on psychometric instruments based on the average scores and range of scores obtained by a large, representative sample of test takers.

Answer 7

test norms

Question 8

A set of widely used, individually administered intelligence tests that yield verbal, performance, and overall IQ scores.

Answer 8

Wechsler Scales

Question 9

A symmetrical curve that describes the variability of characteristics within a population. Most people fall at or near the average score; there are relatively few high or low scores.

Answer 9

normal distribution

Question 10

A measure of the dispersion or spread around the mean of a distribution of scores.

Answer 10

standard deviation; in the case of IQ tests with a mean score of 100, the SD is 15, meaning that about two-thirds of people taking the test have scores between 85 and 115.

Question 11

The phenomenon in which extraordinary talent in a particular area is displayed by a person who is otherwise mentally retarded.

Answer 11

savant syndrome

Question 12

An intelligence test based on Sternberg’s triarchic

theory that uses a variety of question formats to assess practical, creative, and analytical components of intelligence.

Answer 12

Sternberg’s Triarchic Abilities Tests (STAT)

Question 13

An information-processing theory of intelligence that emphasizes three aspects of intelligent behavior: a practical component emphasizing the effect of context on what is intelligent; a creative component centering on whether a task is novel or familiar; and an analytic component focused on the cognitive processes used to solve a problem.

Answer 13

triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 14

The process by which information processing becomes effortless and highly efficient as a result of continued practice or increased expertise.

Answer 14

automatization

Question 15

The situation that arises in testing when one cultural or subcultural group is more familiar with test items than another group and therefore has an unfair advantage.

Answer 15

culture bias

Question 16

Sternberg’s concept that people are intelligent to the extent that they are able to succeed in life in their sociocultural context.

Answer 16

successful intelligence

Question 17

Thinking that involves “converging” on the one best answer to a problem; what IQ tests measure.

Answer 17

convergent thinking

Question 18

The ability to produce novel responses or works.

Answer 18

creativity

Question 19

Thinking that requires coming up with a variety of ideas or solutions to a problem when there is no one right answer.

Answer 19

divergent thinking

Question 20

A numerical measure of an infant’s performance on a developmental test relative to the performance of other infants the same age.

Answer 20

developmental quotient (DQ)

Question 21

Standardized test to measure the mental, motor, and behavioral progress of infants and young children.

Answer 21

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Question 22

The notion that impoverished environments inhibit intellectual growth and that these inhibiting effects accumulate over time.

Answer 22

cumulative-deficit hypothesis

Question 23

A rapid decline in intellectual abilities that people within a few years of dying often experience.

Answer 23

terminal drop

Question 24

A combination of rich factual knowledge about life and procedural knowledge such as strategies for giving advice and handling conflicts.

Answer 24

wisdom

Question 25

The rise in average IQ scores over the 20th century.

Answer 25

Flynn effect

Question 26

A widely used instrument that allows an observer to determine how intellectually stimulating or impoverished a home environment is.

Answer 26

Home Observation for Measurement of the

Environment (HOME) inventory

Question 27

A household climate that includes low income along with low levels of responsive to children’s basic needs.

Answer 27

child poverty

Question 28

An individual’s fear of being judged to have the qualities associated with negative stereotypes of his or her social group.

Answer 28

stereotype threat

Question 29

The possession of unusually high general intellectual potential or of special abilities in such areas as creativity, mathematics, or the arts.

Answer 29

giftedness

Question 30

Significantly below average intellectual functioning with limitations in areas of adaptive behavior such as self-care and social skills, originating before age 18 (previously known as mental retardation).

Answer 30

intellectual disability