Health

Question 1

An inherited digestive problem in which gluten triggers an immune response that damages a person’s small intestine.

Answer 1

celiac disease

Question 2

A phenomenon in which children who have experienced growth deficits will grow rapidly and catch up to the growth trajectory they are genetically programmed to follow.

Answer 2

catch-up growth

Question 3

Secretes chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Answer 3

endocrine gland

Question 4

The “master gland” located at the base of the brain that regulates the other endocrine glands and produces growth hormone.

Answer 4

pituitary gland

Question 5

Hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates childhood physical growth and the adolescent growth spurt.

Answer 5

growth hormone

Question 6

Male hormones that help trigger the adolescent growth spurt and the development of the male sex organs, secondary sex characteristics, and sexual motivation.

Answer 6

androgens

Question 7

The female hormone responsible for the development of the breasts, the female sex organs, and secondary sex characteristics and for the beginning of menstrual cycles.

Answer 7

estrogen

Question 8

The specialization of the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex of the brain.

Answer 8

lateralization

Question 9

The principle that growth proceeds from the head to the tail.

Answer 9

cephalocaudal principle

Question 10

In development, the principle that growth proceeds from the center of the body to the extremities.

Answer 10

proximodistal principle

Question 11

Werner’s principle that development proceeds from global and undifferentiated states toward more differentiated and integrated patterns of response.

Answer 11

orthogenetic principle

Question 12

A state of active, irregular sleep associated

with dreaming.

Answer 12

REM sleep

Question 13

The age at which half of a large group of infants or children master a skill or display a behavior; the average age for achieving a milestone in development.

Answer 13

developmental norm

Question 14

Skills that involve large muscles and whole body or limb movements (for example, kicking the legs or drawing large circles).

Answer 14

gross motor skills

Question 15

Skills that involve precise movements of the hands and fingers or feet and toes.

Answer 15

fine motor skills

Question 16

The process of moving from one location to another.

Answer 16

locomotion

Question 17

Holding objects by clamping them between the palm of hand and the fingers.

Answer 17

ulnar grasp

Question 18

A grasp in which the thumb is used in opposition to the fingers, enabling an infant to become more dexterous at lifting and manipulating objects.

Answer 18

pincer grasp

Question 19

Repetitive movements observed in infants shortly before a new motor skill emerges.

Answer 19

rhythmic stereotypies

Question 20

A perspective on development applied to motor development which proposes that more sophisticated patterns of motor behavior emerge over time through a “self-organizing” process in which children modify their motor behavior in adaptive ways on the basis of the sensory feedback they receive when they try different movements.

Answer 20

dynamic systems theory

Question 21

Defects that are present at birth and are caused by genetic factors, prenatal events, or both.

Answer 21

congenital malformations

Question 22

The interval between the presentation of a stimulus and a response to it.

Answer 22

reaction time

Question 23

An indicator of body fat calculated from a person’s height and weight.

Answer 23

body mass index (BMI)

Question 24

Condition of being being 20% or more above the “ideal” weight for one’s height, age, and sex.

Answer 24

obesity

Question 25

The point at which a person reaches sexual maturity and is physically capable of conceiving a child.

Answer 25

puberty

Question 26

The rapid increase in physical growth that occurs during adolescence.

Answer 26

adolescent growth spurt

Question 27

A period of increased production of adrenal hormones, starting around 6–8 years of age, that normally precedes increased production of gonadal hormones associated with puberty.

Answer 27

adrenarche

Question 28

A female’s first menstrual period.

Answer 28

menarche

Question 29

A boy’s first ejaculation.

Answer 29

semenarche

Question 30

A trend in industrialized society toward earlier maturation and greater body size.

Answer 30

secular trend

Question 31

Children who are small for age (at or below the 5th percentile on a growth chart) and late entering puberty, but growing at a normal or near-normal pace.

Answer 31

constitutional growth delay

Question 32

A metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose or sugar in the blood leading to symptoms of thirst, excessive urination, fatigue, and problems involving eyes, kidneys, and other organs.

Answer 32

diabetes

Question 33

The ability of many organ systems to respond to demands for extraordinary output, such as when the heart and lungs work at maximal capacity.

Answer 33

reserve capacity

Question 34

Prejudice against elderly people.

Answer 34

ageism

Question 35

Several symptoms experienced shortly before each menstrual period that include having tender breasts, feeling bloated, and being irritable and moody.

Answer 35

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Question 36

Taking estrogen and progestin to compensate for hormone loss because of menopause in women.

Answer 36

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Question 37

A disease affecting older adults in which bone tissue is lost, leaving bones fragile and easily fractured.

Answer 37

osteoporosis

Question 38

A joint problem among older adults resulting from a gradual deterioration of the cartilage that cushions the bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

Answer 38

osteoarthritis