INTELLIGENCE Flashcards
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE
− ability to think abstractly − plan − gather information − understand complex ideas − solve problems − reason − adapt effectively to the environment − overcome obstacles − learn from experience − adapt to novel situation
GALTON
− Galton visited Australia with the intention of studying the Torres Strait Islanders who were regarded as a ‘primitive man’
− He found that they performed the same as English educated people with tests regarding vision, hearing, reaction times etc
SPEARMAN
− Believed intelligence was a single general trait
− If you scored well with a test on language, you would also score well on math, memory and logical reasoning
− He found that correlations between tests were positive but not strong
BINET
− 1904, created the first baseline to assess a child’s mental age
− Contracted by the French Government to detect ‘retarded’ children that would benefit from special tutoring
− Administered a test to 5 groups, of specific age groups of students who identified by their teacher as being average to create a base level
− Children who well below this base line were deemed ‘idiots’
INTELLIGENCE IQ
− Defined originally the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100
− IQ = ma/ca x 100
− On contemporary tests, the average performance for a given specific age is assigned a score of 100
GARDNER
− 1983, created theory of multiple intelligences
− Initially there were SEVEN intelligences
− 1996, he added an EIGHTH (naturalistic)
− Widely accepted is that most people could relate, as It stated that everyone was intelligence in their own way
