Intelligence

Question 1

What is Intelligence?

Answer 1

Intelligence relates to efficient and appropriate reasoning
* Learning from experience
* Adapting to the environment
* Acting purposefully

Question 2

Are current forms of AI intelligent?

Answer 2

It can do some things, and can’t do others. It is generally following an algorithm

Question 3

What are Psychometrics?

Answer 3

The study of psychological assessment

Question 4

What is the Normal distribution or curve?

Answer 4

A symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes test score distribution

Question 4

What is Standardization?

Answer 4

Test scores are compared to pre-tested ‘standardization’ or ‘norm’ groups

Question 5

What is Reliability in testing?

Answer 5

Consistency across instances of testing
* IQ scores have high test-retest reliability
* Evidence: Score at age 6 correlates with scores at age 18

Question 5

Who was the start of intelligence testing?

Answer 5

Francis Galton (1822 to 1911)
* Developed tests, but purpose was questionable
* Founded the eugenics movement
* Racially-motivated view of how to “improve” society
* A dark start to intelligence testing

Question 5

What is Validity in testing?

Answer 5

The test is measuring what it is intended to measure
* IQ scores should have predictive validity
* predict performance on something requiring intelligence
* Yet, correlations of .5 with job performance
* Could be because intelligence will vary across context and culture …
to come

Question 6

What is the Simon-Binet Test?

Answer 6

• Easy items: Follow a light beam
• Difficult items: Describe abstract words
• Some questionable items

“Calculates” a child’s mental age

Question 7

What is the Stanford-Binet Test?

Answer 7

Based on the Simon-Binet test
Used mental age over real age x 100

Question 8

What are the Wechsler Tests?

Answer 8

Measure different types of intelligence
Verbal and non verbal

Question 9

Do genetics interact with IQ scores?

Answer 9

*Studies with fraternal or identical twins raised in the same or different environment

• Shared genetics is a better predictor of IQ
  correlations among twins than the environment

Question 10

Why are IQ tests helpful?

Answer 10

Helpful to identify children who need help but can be used to exclude marginalized
communities

Question 11

What factors effect IQ scores?

Answer 11

• Socioeconomics
• Gender differences in self-estimated
  intelligence
• Culture: Familiarity with task and stimuli
  can affect performance

Question 12

What is the The Flynn effect with IQ variations?

Answer 12

consistent upward drift in IQ test scores across generations which has been documented to be approximately 3 points per decade.

Question 13

Explain how complexity and health contribute to the Flynn effect:

Answer 13

Complexity
* Over time, more focus on abstract thinking and critical thinking, especially in
wealthier countries

Health
* There is a greater focus on health, which improves brain function and
enhances IQ test scores

Question 14

What is Spearman’s two factor theory?

Answer 14

proposes that intelligence has two components: general intelligence (“g”) and specific ability (“s”).

To explain the differences in performance on different tasks, Spearman hypothesized that the “s” component was specific to a certain aspect of intelligence.

Question 15

What is the Cattell and Horn Theory?

Answer 15

Fluid intelligence (similar to g)
* The capacity to acquire new knowledge and engage in flexible thinking
* Tests of reasoning
* Genetic basis

Crystalized intelligence (similar to s)
* Knowledge and learning that has been acquired throughout the lifetime
* Vocabulary, math
* Affected by personality, education, culture
* Motivated learning

Question 16

What is Savant Syndrome?

Answer 16

A a person who is otherwise
limited in mental ability has an exceptional
specific ability

• E.g., artistic skills or mathematical ability
• Can be congenital or acquired (new skills
  after brain injury)
• Suggests there are different forms of
  intelligence, supported by different cognitive
  processes

Question 17

What is Sternberg’s theory of intelligence?

Answer 17

Intelligence is the capacity to automatize information processes and use them in
appropriate settings

1. analytic intelligence
2. creative intelligence
3. Practical intelligence

Question 18

What are Sternberg’s intellectual components?

Answer 18

1. Meta-component: Higher order processes for planning and decision making. Making decisions about how to solve a problem
2. Performance component: Processes for executing a task
3. Knowledge acquisition component: Processes to learn and store new information

Question 19

What does a positive mood promote?

Answer 19

• leads to greater susceptibility to
  misinformation

Question 20

What does a negative mood promote?

Answer 20

• lowers susceptibility to misinformation

Question 21

What do we do when in happier moods?

Answer 21

Global processing, looking at the whole scene.