Integumentary System - Chapter 5 Flashcards
What are the components of the integumentary system?
Hair
Nails
Epidermis
Dermis
Accessory glands
Hypodermis
What layers comprise the dermis?
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
What layer comprises the hypodermis?
Subcutaneous layer
What are some accessory structures of the integumentary system?
Hair shaft
Sweat gland duct pores
Subcutaneous gland
Nerve fibers
Sweat glands
Hair follicle
Sweat gland duct
Artery
Vein
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
Protection: internal structures, organs, muscles, blood
Excrete: sweat, oils
Maintains: homeostatic temperature, internal/external barrier, pathogen protection, fluid balance, UV protection
Produces: Vit. D
Store: Fat (below skin layers)
Detects: temperature, distention, pain, pressure
What are the layers of the epidermis?
Epidermis
Epidermal ridge
Dermal papilla
Dermis
What do ridges and papillae do for the epidermis and dermis?
Increase surface area
Zipper to papillae
Prevents sliding on/off dermis
How many layers does thin skin have?
4 strata
How many layers does thick skin have? Where is it found?
5 strata
Feet/Palm
Larger distance between surface of skin and blood supply
What is the epidermis made up of?
Keratinocytes
Explain keratinization
Cells move upward through the skin as new cells form beneath them. As they move up, they’re cut off from their supply of nourishment and start to form keratin.
What layers of the epidermis are anchored by desmosomes?
All layers
What is pigment?
Melanin and carotene
Melanocytes make melanin from tyrosine which are then packaged into melanosomes
Then moved by keratinocytes
What happens when someone is diagnosed with carotenemia?
High levels of carotene in the skin
More common in light skinned people and babies
Can indicate jaundice
What does it mean when someone has albinism? Do they have melanocytes?
Lack or deficiency of melanin
Yes, they just don’t make melanin
What is the most common skin cancer?
Basal cell carconoma
Where do carcinomas originate? What occurs in that layer?
Stratum basale
Cells are dead, no longer replicating, doesn’t directly damage DNA
Why do carcinomas form?
high levels of UV radiation
What is an aggressive skin cancer? Why is it dangerous?
Malignant melanoma
Fast growth rate
What are the layers of the dermis?
Papillary
Reticular layer
What fibers create the dermis?
Collagen fibers: strong and resist stretching
Elastic fibers: permit stretch and recoil
What does the papillary layer consist of? What anatomic object does it represent?
Papilla that interacts with grooves of epidermal ridges
“zipper”
What does a high volume of elastic fibers prevent?
wrinkles
What are the lines of cleavage? Why are they important during surgeries?
Collagen and elastic fibers parallel bundles based on the direction of force during movement
Limits scarring during surgery if followed
Does the dermis have it’s own blood supply? If not, what layer provides it?
No; stratum basale
Produces waste and needed nutrients
What is another layer of the dermis that is not “actually” part of the skin?
Hypodermis
What is the duction of the hypodermis?
Separates skin from deeper structures
stabilizes while allowing movemnt
What tissue dominates the hypodermis?
Adipose tissue (fat storage)
What tissue comprises the papillary layer? Does it have a blood supply?
Areolar
Yes; vascularized
What tissue comprises the reticular layer? Why is that tissue important?
Dense irregular connective tissue
Forces in many directions
What anchors the dermis with the hypodermis?
Collagen
Why does fat accumulate differently between sexes?
Hormone based
