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A&P: Lecture > Integumentary System - Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Integumentary System - Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the integumentary system?

A

Hair
Nails
Epidermis
Dermis
Accessory glands
Hypodermis

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2
Q

What layers comprise the dermis?

A

Papillary layer
Reticular layer

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3
Q

What layer comprises the hypodermis?

A

Subcutaneous layer

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4
Q

What are some accessory structures of the integumentary system?

A

Hair shaft
Sweat gland duct pores
Subcutaneous gland
Nerve fibers
Sweat glands
Hair follicle
Sweat gland duct
Artery
Vein

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5
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protection: internal structures, organs, muscles, blood
Excrete: sweat, oils
Maintains: homeostatic temperature, internal/external barrier, pathogen protection, fluid balance, UV protection
Produces: Vit. D
Store: Fat (below skin layers)
Detects: temperature, distention, pain, pressure

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6
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Epidermis
Epidermal ridge
Dermal papilla
Dermis

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7
Q

What do ridges and papillae do for the epidermis and dermis?

A

Increase surface area
Zipper to papillae
Prevents sliding on/off dermis

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8
Q

How many layers does thin skin have?

A

4 strata

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9
Q

How many layers does thick skin have? Where is it found?

A

5 strata
Feet/Palm
Larger distance between surface of skin and blood supply

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10
Q

What is the epidermis made up of?

A

Keratinocytes

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11
Q

Explain keratinization

A

Cells move upward through the skin as new cells form beneath them. As they move up, they’re cut off from their supply of nourishment and start to form keratin.

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12
Q

What layers of the epidermis are anchored by desmosomes?

A

All layers

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13
Q

What is pigment?

A

Melanin and carotene
Melanocytes make melanin from tyrosine which are then packaged into melanosomes
Then moved by keratinocytes

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14
Q

What happens when someone is diagnosed with carotenemia?

A

High levels of carotene in the skin
More common in light skinned people and babies
Can indicate jaundice

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15
Q

What does it mean when someone has albinism? Do they have melanocytes?

A

Lack or deficiency of melanin
Yes, they just don’t make melanin

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16
Q

What is the most common skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carconoma

17
Q

Where do carcinomas originate? What occurs in that layer?

A

Stratum basale
Cells are dead, no longer replicating, doesn’t directly damage DNA

18
Q

Why do carcinomas form?

A

high levels of UV radiation

19
Q

What is an aggressive skin cancer? Why is it dangerous?

A

Malignant melanoma
Fast growth rate

20
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary
Reticular layer

21
Q

What fibers create the dermis?

A

Collagen fibers: strong and resist stretching
Elastic fibers: permit stretch and recoil

22
Q

What does the papillary layer consist of? What anatomic object does it represent?

A

Papilla that interacts with grooves of epidermal ridges
“zipper”

23
Q

What does a high volume of elastic fibers prevent?

A

wrinkles

24
Q

What are the lines of cleavage? Why are they important during surgeries?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers parallel bundles based on the direction of force during movement
Limits scarring during surgery if followed

25
Q

Does the dermis have it’s own blood supply? If not, what layer provides it?

A

No; stratum basale
Produces waste and needed nutrients

26
Q

What is another layer of the dermis that is not “actually” part of the skin?

A

Hypodermis

27
Q

What is the duction of the hypodermis?

A

Separates skin from deeper structures
stabilizes while allowing movemnt

28
Q

What tissue dominates the hypodermis?

A

Adipose tissue (fat storage)

29
Q

What tissue comprises the papillary layer? Does it have a blood supply?

A

Areolar
Yes; vascularized

30
Q

What tissue comprises the reticular layer? Why is that tissue important?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue
Forces in many directions

31
Q

What anchors the dermis with the hypodermis?

A

Collagen

32
Q

Why does fat accumulate differently between sexes?

A

Hormone based

A&P: Lecture (7 decks)

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