Connective Tissue: Chapter 4, Section 2 Flashcards
What are the components of connective tissue?
Specialized cells
Extracellular protein fibers
Fluid (ground substance)
What are the functions of connective tissue?
Structural framework
Transport
Protection
Support
Energy storage
Defense from microbes
What is the function of loose connective tissue? What are two types of cell?
Supporting other tissue
Fixed and wandering
What are the 3 types of connective tissue?
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Describe adipose tissue. Give an example.
Extracellular protein fibers
Phagocytosis of macrophages
Melanocytes
Describe areolar tissue. Give an example.
Fat cells: nucleus at the side, limited space
Visceral
Bone marrow
Joint ligaments
Describe reticular tissue. Give an example.
Large rigid protein fibers
Structure supports/resists distortion
Stoma, spleen
What are the dense connective tissue types?
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic
What is the difference between regular and irregular tissue? Describe characteristics.
Irregular: Fiber meshwork, forces from multiple directions, covers visceral organs/bones/cartilage/peripheral nerves
Regular: Tendons, ligaments, forces parallel to long collagen fibers
Describe elastic connective tissue
Elastic fibers outnumber collagen fibers
Springy, resilient
Found: between vertebrae, blood vessel walls, erectile penile tissue
What are fluid connective tissues?
Blood and lymph
Matix: fluid, soluble proteins
What are the supporting connective tissues?
Cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Bone
What makes up the cartilage matrix?
Polysaccharides: chondroitin sulfates
With proteins: proteoglycans
What are cartilage cells made up of? Where are they found?
Chondrocytes which are found in lacunae
What separates the cartilage from surrounding tissue?
Perichondrium
What does the hyaline cartilage provide?
Stiff but flexible support
Reduces friction between bones
Covers bone surfaces
What does elastic cartilage provide?
Numerous elastic fibers
Allows distortion and rebound without damage
What does fibrocartilage provide?
Little ground sibstance
Resists compression
Prevents bone-to-bone contact
Limits movement
What do epithelium and connective tissues form when combined?
Membranes
What can the mucous membrane be found? What is the function?
Digestive tract
Lines passage to communicate with exterior
Lubricated by mucus
What can the serous membrane be found? What is the function?
Mesothelium supported by areolar tissue
Delicate doesn’t connect with exterior
Lines body cavities: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
What can the cutaneous membrane be found? What is the function?
Covers the body surface
Thick, waterproof, dry
What can the synovial membrane be found? What is the function?
Lines moveable joint cavities
epithelium not true epithelium
What is the fasciae?
Connective tissue layer that support/surrounds organs
How many layers are there to the fasciae? Describe them.
Superficial fascia (surface): Areolar and adipose tissue
Deep fascia: dense irregular connective tissue, strength in multiple directions
