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A&P: Lecture > Homeostasis and Levels of Organization: Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Homeostasis and Levels of Organization: Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the necessary life functions?

A

Maintaining boundaries between internal and external environments
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

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2
Q

What organ maintains the internal and external boundary?

A

Skin

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3
Q

What process/structure performs movement?

A

Muscle contraction, peristalsis

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4
Q

What structure/process performs responsiveness?

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

What structure/process performs digestion?

A

Stomach

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6
Q

What structure/process performs metabolism?

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

What structure/process performs excretion?

A

Kidney, skin, digestive system, liver

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8
Q

What structure/process performs reproduction?

A

Reproductive system

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9
Q

What structure/process performs growth?

A

Endocrine

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10
Q

Which of the following is not necessary for survival?
Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, any atmospheric pressure?

A

Any atmospheric pressure; for survival an appropriate one is needed, if not our lungs may not inflate

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11
Q

What systems/processes bring in nutrients?

A

Respiratory system, GI tract, liver, musculoskeletal system

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12
Q

What systems/processes removes waste?

A

CO2 removal from lungs, kidneys, GI tract, liver

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13
Q

What systems/processes is in charge of regulation?

A

Nervous and Endocrine system

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14
Q

What systems/processes protects?

A

Immune and Integumentary system

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15
Q

What systems/processes is in charge of reproduction?

A

Male and Female reproductive systems

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16
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous outside changes.

17
Q

What is regulation is needed with intrinsic homeostasis?

A

Cells, tissue, organ level autoregulation

18
Q

What regulation is needed for extrinsic homeostasis?

A

Nervous, endocrine systems, external regulation

19
Q

What is an example of allostasis?

A

Sleeping: heart rate and blood pressure are going to be low.
Jogging: heart rate and blood pressure will go up.

The fact that your body varied its parameters to match the new environment (jogging vs. sleeping) is an example of allostasis.

20
Q

What is an example of negative feedback?

A

Regulation of the blood calcium level: Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, regulating the level of calcium in the blood. If decreased, the parathyroid glands sense the decrease and secrete more parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone stimulates calcium release from the bones and increases the calcium uptake into the bloodstream from the collecting tubules in the kidneys.

21
Q

What is an example(s) of positive feedback?

A

Childbirth: Oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary gland during labor to stimulate muscle contractions that push the baby through the birth canal. The contractions intensify and increase until the baby is outside the birth canal. When the stimulus to the pressure receptors ends, oxytocin production stops, and labor contractions cease.

Blood clotting: A break in the blood vessel causes a bleed, chemicals are released to begin blood clotting, and chain reactions begin (cell fragments/soluble proteins) forming a clot. As clotting continues, each step releases chemicals further accelerating the process, ultimately creating a patch stopping the bleed.

22
Q

What fluid is in the body cavities? What is it’s function?

A

Serous membrane
Organ protection and flexibility

23
Q

What is serous membrane? What is an example?

A

Think layer of cells which secrete serous fluid
Epithelial layer underlies
Fuses lungs to cavity

24
Q

What are the visceral organs?

A

Organs completely enclosed in body cavities; respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproduction systems

25
Q

Explain the feedback loop of being thirsty?

A

Negative
Signal: chemical receptor reacted due to increased Na, low water in the blood
Control: neurons trigger thirst centers
Effectors: swallowing/moving muscles to drink water
Restored: blood concentration is restored

A&P: Lecture (7 decks)

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