Integumentary System Flashcards
list the layers of the integument and the tissue it is made up of
epidermis- stratified squamous epithelium
dermis - dense irregular CT
*subcutaneous layer - alveolar and adipose CT
- not part of integ. system
what cells are found in the epidermis? what are their functions?
keratinocytes - protect; proteins make skin waterproof
melanocytes - color; melanin granules protect from UV sunlight
Epidermal dendritic cells/Langerhans - immune protection
Tactile cells/merkel cells - touch
Which layers of the epidermis contains living keratinocytes?
the first 3 layers - stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
list the layer of the epidermis from superficial to deep
stratum corneum stratum lucidium only in thick skin stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale
what are the differences between thick skin and thin skin?
where is each found on body?
thick - has all 5 layers, no hair follicles or sebaceous glands; found on palms of hands, soles of feet and surface of fingers/toes
thin - covers most of body; no stratum lucidium, has sweat glands, hair follicles and sebaceous glands
list the layers of the dermis
papillary layer - superficial/thin includes finger prints
reticular layer - deeper makes up 80% of dermis; made of irregular dense proper CT
what are the lines of cleavage and what is the significance of their structure?
parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers
parallel incisions in surgery heal faster
perpendicular incisions are more likely to open due to cut elastic fibers
List some functions of the skin
protection - chemical - pH in skin - physical - keep underlying structures from drying out - biological prevent water loss metabolic regulation (vitamin D) excretion, secretion, and absorption cutaneous sensation temperature regulation and blood reservoir
functions of hair
protection - scalp from sunburn; eyebrows keep sweat out of eyes
heat retention
sensory reception through tactile receptors
visual identification
chemical signals via pheromones
where are ecrine glands found? what do they secrete?
in the palms, soles, and head
secrete sweat
where are apocrine glands located? what do they secrete? how do they differ form ecrine glands?
in axillary and anogenital areas
secrete sweat, lipids and proteins
glands are only active during adolescence when new hair is growing in
where are sebaceous glands located? what do they secrete>
next to hair follicle
oily secretions
which layer of the integument is damaged in the following types of burns?
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree
epidermis only -sunburn
epidermis/some dermis - blisters
epidermis& dermis gone - full thickness burn
how are 3rd degree burns treated? list in order
- fluid - water loss prevention
- antibiotics - always anticipate infection (burns = protein + fat = bacteria feeding ground)
- calories - to help replace skin loss (cannot eat enough do replace loss w/o supplementary support)
- grafting
- pain - don’t feel pain until skin begins to regenerate bc the epidermis is gone
what is the most common type of cancer?
skin cancer, most commonly on head and neck
