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Anatomy 4 > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ of the body in terms of weight and volume?

A

skin, dumbass

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2
Q

what are the three types of glands

A
  • sebaceous
  • eccrine sweat
  • apocrine
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3
Q

what are the six functions of skin?

A
  1. protection from pathogens and UV light
  2. Prevention of dehydration
  3. Regulation of body temperature
  4. Sensation
  5. Immunological function of Langerhan cells
  6. Production of Vitamin D
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4
Q

what kind of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

maximally keratinized stratified squamous

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5
Q

the epidermis has five layers of what kind of cells?

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

what is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum Basale

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7
Q

what kind of cells make up the stratum basale?

A

-cuboidal or tall cuboidal cells

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8
Q

how many weeks does it take for kerotinocytes to finish their renewal cycle?

A

3-4 weeks

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9
Q

what are the two special types of cells, besides kerotinocytes, that are found in the stratum basale?

A
  • melanocytes

- merkel cells

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10
Q

what do melanocytes produce?

A

melanin granules

-insert them into keratinocytes

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11
Q

what kind of cells are merkel cells?

A
  • sensory receptor cells

- respond to CONTINUOUS TOUCH stimuli

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12
Q

what is the waterproof barrier layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum spinosum

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13
Q

what kind of cells are in the stratum spinosum?

A
  • polyhedral keratinocytes

- Langerhan cells

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14
Q

what are langerhan cells?

A

modified macrophages

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15
Q

plasma membrane of neighboring cells in the stratum spinosum are connected by what?

A

-desmosomes

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16
Q

what kind of cells are located in the stratum granulosum?

A

Keratinocytes

-flattened cells with Kerato-hyalin granules in their cytoplasm

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17
Q

is the stratum granulosum more prominent in thick or thin skin?

A

thick

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18
Q

what happens when cells are maximally keratinized?

A

death

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19
Q

what kind of skin is stratum lucidum found in?

A

thick skin only!

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20
Q

Tell me about the stratum lucidum

A
  • tightly condensed cells that lie beneath the stratum corneum
  • cells in the process of dying
  • once nucleus shrivels up, they become stratum corneum
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21
Q

what is the most superficial layer of epidermis?

A

stratum corneum

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22
Q

what kind of cells are in the stratun corneum?

A
  • flat cells COMPLETELY FILLED WITH KERATIN
  • CELLS HAVE NO NUCLEI OR ORGANELLES
  • cells are dead
  • on the surface, continuously shed
23
Q

what does the dermis contain?

A
  • blood vessels, nerves, and afferent sensory receptors
  • meissner corpuscles
  • free nerve endings
  • DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
24
Q

what does the hypodermis contain?

A
  • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • adipose tissue
  • nerves
  • arteries
  • veins
25
Q

where is thick skin located?

A
  • palms of hands

- soles of feet

26
Q

what layer is especially thick in thick skin?

A

stratum corneum

27
Q

what kind of cells is the epidermis of thick skin? how does it get nutrients?

A
  • stratified squamous

- gets nutrients by fluid diffusion from the dermis

28
Q

thick skin has what kind of glands? what is thick skin lacking?

A
  • has eccrine sweat glands

- lacks hair follicles

29
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis of thick skin?

A
  • papillary layer (superficial)

- Reticular layer (deep)

30
Q

what kind of tissue is the papillary layer of the dermis of thick skin? reticular layer?

A
  • papillary layer: loose connective tissue

- reticular layer: dense irregular connective tissue

31
Q

what is the portion of the epidermis of the thick skin that projects down into the dermis?

A

epidermal rete ridge

32
Q

what is the portion of the dermis of the thick skin that projects up into the epidermis?

A

dermal papilla

33
Q

what is the significance of the overlapping projections of dermis and epidermis in thick skin?

A

-it increases surface area between the layers and prevents the two layers from detaching

34
Q

what does the dermal papilla contain?

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • capillaries
  • free nerve endings
  • encapsulated sensory receptors
35
Q

where is thin skin located?

A

-the entire body, except palms of hands and soles of feet

36
Q

what does thin skin lack and what does it contain?

A
  • lacks lucidum

- contains hair follicles and sebaceous glands

37
Q

what are meisners corpuscles?

A
  • found in dermis
  • sensitive to fine touch
  • mainly found in thick skin
38
Q

What are pacinian corpusces?

A
  • found in hypodermis
  • sensitive to vibrations
  • found in both thick and thin skin
  • more prominent in thick skin
39
Q

what are clear cells?

A
  • melanocytes
  • merkel cells
  • langerhans cells
  • THEY ALL HAVE CLEAR CYTOPLASM
40
Q

where are melanocytes and merkel cells found?

A
  • stratum basale

- scattered around basal cuboidal cells

41
Q

where are sebaceous glands found? what are they normally associated with?

A
  • thin skin

- hair ollicles

42
Q

what is sebum?

A

-oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands into a hair follicle

43
Q

what kind of glands are sebaceous glands?

A

-simple branched acinar glands

44
Q

what is the function of sebum?

A
  • keeps skin from drying out

- protects hair

45
Q

what kind of secretion do sebaceous glands release sebum?

A

-holocrine secretion

46
Q

what kind of skin are eccrine sweat glands found?

A
  • both thick and thin

- more numerous in thick

47
Q

what do eccrine sweat glands secrete? and how are they arranged?

A
  • sweat

- arranged into coiled tubules

48
Q

what is the function of sweat?

A
  • adjust body temperature

- aid in excretion of metabolic waste

49
Q

what kind of cells are apocrine sweat glands?

A

simple coiled tubular glands

50
Q

how do apocrine sweat glands differ from eccrine sweat glands?

A
  • the apocrine glands lumens are larger

- the apocrine glands empty their ducts into superficial regions of the hair follicles

51
Q

what kind of secretion do apocrine sweat glands secrete their substance?

A
  • apocrine secretion

- release their product by shedding part of their apical cytoplasm

52
Q

what are apocrine sweat glands also called?

A

-sexual scent glands

53
Q

where are sexual scent glands found?

A
  • axilla
  • areola
  • perianal and genital areas
54
Q

are sexual scent gland secretions scented?

A
  • nope

- odorless until they are attacked by bacteria

Anatomy 4 (7 decks)

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