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Anatomy 4 > Embryology Weeks 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Embryology Weeks 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the end result of mitosis?

A

-2 diploid cells

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2
Q

What is the end result of meiosis?

A

-4 haploid cells

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3
Q

describe the difference between eggs and sperm with meiosis?

A

eggs: makes 4 haploid cells, but one is functional and 3 are non functional
Sperm: all 4 haploid cells are functional

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4
Q

polar bodies

A

-non functional haploid germ cells

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5
Q

fertilization is also known as what stage?

A

-pronuclear

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6
Q

what is the new cell called that is the result of a haploid sperm fusing with a haploid egg

A

zygote

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7
Q

what does a zygote contain?

A

-diploid complement of chromosomes and a 2 nucleus quantity of DNA

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8
Q

what day does cleavage happen?

A

day 1!!

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9
Q

what kind of divisions are cleavage?

A

mitotic

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10
Q

do the cells increase in number during cleavage?

A
  • yes!

- the cells increase in number, but the zygote does not increase in size

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11
Q

what are the daughter cells after cleavage called?

A

Blastomeres

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12
Q

are the daughter cells completely separated during cleavage?

A

nope

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13
Q

what number of cells indicates when compaction should start?

A

8 cells!

-usually 72 hours

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14
Q

what is compaction?

A

-cell surfaces flatten and cells tightly adhere to each other

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15
Q

how many cells typically make up a Morula?

A

16-32

-usually 4 days

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16
Q

Morula appearance

A
  • more tightly join together than compaction

- start to look more like one instead of a lot of separates

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17
Q

what are the blastomeres that segregate to the center of the morula called?

A

-embryoblasts

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18
Q

what are the blastomeres that segregate to the outside of the morula called?

A

-trophoblasts

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19
Q

what do the embryoblasts eventually give rise to?

A

-embryo proper

20
Q

trophoblasts are a primary component of what?

A

-placenta

21
Q

what is a Blastocoel??

A

-blastocyst cavity made when morula absorbs fluid

22
Q

What day does the embryo become a blastocyst?

A

Day 5(96 hours)

23
Q

what are the two poles of the blastocyst and where are they?

A
  • embryonic pole: side of blastocyst that contains inner cell mass
  • abembryonic pole: opposite side
24
Q

what day does the morula reach the uterus?

A

3-4 days into development

25
Q

after arriving in the uterus, what does the blastocyst adhere to?

A

-uterine lining

26
Q

What is the decidual reaction?

A

-cells from endometrial stroma differentiate into secretory cells (decidual cells)

27
Q

what triggers the decidual response?

A

-the blastocyst entering the uterus and the corpus luteum secreting progesterone

28
Q

what does corpus luteum do?

A
  • when there is no fertilization, it withers away

- when there is fertilization, it releases progesterone to help aid in implantation

29
Q

how many epithelial layers does the embryoblast have?

A
  • 2

- its bilaminar

30
Q

what are the epithelial layers within the embryoblast?

A
  • epiblast

- hypoblast

31
Q

Epiblast: internal or external, and what kind of epithelial cells? dorsal or ventral?

A
  • external layer
  • columnar cells
  • dorsal
32
Q

hypoblast: Internal or external, and what kind of epithelial cells? Dorsal or ventral?

A
  • internal layer
  • cuboidal cells
  • ventral
33
Q

what is the two layered embryoblast called?

A

-bilaminar embryonic disc

34
Q

what is the amniotic cavity?

A
  • appears in day 8

- fluid collects between epiblast and trophoblast

35
Q

what day is the embryo completely implanted in the uterine endometrium?

A

-9

36
Q

what cells migrate to form Heuser’s membrane?

A

-cells from hypoblast

37
Q

Heuser’s membrane merges to form what? (cavity for hypoblast cells)

A

-primary yolk sac

38
Q

what is the space between heuser’s membrane and cytotrophoblast?

A
  • loosely associated extraembryonic mesodermal cells

- around 10-11 days

39
Q

what is the space between the two layers of extraembryonic mesoderm?

A

chorionic cavity

40
Q

when does the definitive yolk sac develop?

A

-migration of hypoblast cells over the extraembryonic mesoderm to push the primary yolk sac in front of the mesoderm.

41
Q

primary yolk sac splits into what?

A
  • definitive yolk sac

- remnants of primary yolk sac

42
Q

what day does the primary yolk sac split?

A

13

43
Q

the definitive yolk sac is connected to the amnion by a connecting stalk in what cavity?

A

chorionic cavity

44
Q

what is the embryonic disk?

A

-the place at which the amnion and definitive yolk sac meet. that’s it.

45
Q

meckel’s diverticulum

A
  • as a result of the persistence of the yolk sac after birth

- really rare, usually goes away because we dont need eggs

Anatomy 4 (7 decks)

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