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Anatomy 4 > connective tissue: collagen and the eye > Flashcards

connective tissue: collagen and the eye Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four types of embryonic connective tissue?

A
  1. mesenchymal
  2. mucous
  3. supporting
  4. hematopoietic
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2
Q

what is mesenchymal connective tissue?

A
  • contains ground substance

- is capable of differentiating into different kinds of connective tissues

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3
Q

what kind of connective tissue is the main constituent of the umbilical cord?

A

mucous connective tissue (Wharton jelly)

-cannot differentiate into different connective tissues

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4
Q

what kind of connective tissue is related to cartilage and bone?

A

-supporting connective tissue

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5
Q

what kind of connective tissue is suspended in intercellular fluid?

A

hematopoietic tissue

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6
Q

what are fixed cells?

A

-fibroblasts that are formed and reside in the connective tissue

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7
Q

what are wandering cells?

A
  • cells that are not fixed and can travel within the tissue

- eosinophils, mast, and plasma cells

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8
Q

what are the predominant cells in connective tissue?

A

fibroblasts

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9
Q

what do fibroblasts produce?

A

-procollagen and other components of the extracellula matrix

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10
Q

what are the principle fibers that are most predominant in connective tissue?

A

collagen fibers

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11
Q

collagen fibers are ________ and have high _________

A

-they are flexible and have high tensile strength

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12
Q

describe the collagen structure

A
  • procollagen single strands combine to form triple helix collagen fibril
  • multiple collagen fibrils combine to make a collagen fiber
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13
Q

how many different types of collagen are recognized and what type comprises 90% of all collagen in the body?

A
  • 16 types

- type 1

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14
Q

what are the three categories of collagen based on molecular structure?

A
  1. fibrous collagen
  2. non-fibrous collage
  3. filamentous collagen
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15
Q

what collagen types (numbers) are included in fibrous collagen?

A

1,2,3

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16
Q

are fibrous collagen thick or thin fibers?

A

thick

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17
Q

what is the diameter of fibrous collagen?

A
  • varies from 200nm thick on skin to 25nm thick on cornea

- the range of sizes is larger in skin than in the cornea

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18
Q

what type of collagen (number) is included in non-fibrous collagen?

A

type IV

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19
Q

where is non-fibrous collagen found?

A

basement membranes (cappilaries and golmerulus)

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20
Q

are non-fibrous collagen thick or thin?

A

thin

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21
Q

what type of collagen (number) is included in filamentous collagen?

A

types VI, VII, IX, X

22
Q

how can filamentous collagen be subdivided?

A

-into pericellular and matrix collagen

23
Q

what kind of fibers are filamentous collagen

A

-loosely aggregated fibers with little or no periodicity

24
Q

what is the cornea?

A

transparent tissue with collagen fibers that are uniform in diameter and spacial orientation

25
Q

what is the sclera?

A
  • opaque tissue with thick interwoven collagen fibers
  • protects
  • collagen is structural
26
Q

what is the vitreous body?

A

-polysaccharide gel with fine collagen fibers

27
Q

why is the cornea transparent?

A
  • due to the precise packing of collagen fibers or uniform diameter at a fixed distance apart
  • fibers are arranged in sheets and each layer sits at right angles to the next layer
28
Q

what type of collagen primarily makes up the cornea?

A

type 1 (fibrous)

29
Q

why is the sclera so strong?

A
  • close interlacing of the collagen fibers
  • diameter of fibers vary greatly NON UNIFORMITY
  • DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
30
Q

why is the sclera so elastic?

A

-presence of small proportion of elastin fibers

31
Q

what types of collagen primarily make up the sclera?

A

type 1 and a small amount of type 3

32
Q

what contributes to structural changes in sclera to play a role in myopia and glaucoma?

A
  • changes in the proportion of types of fibers by aging

- loses structural integrity

33
Q

what is the diameter of the collagen fibers in the vitreous?

A

7-13nm

-tiny tiny tiny

34
Q

what is the collagen of the vitreous embedded in?

A

hyaluronate gel

35
Q

what does the collagen of the vitreous contribute to the maintenance of?

A
  • intraocular pressure

- acts as a shock absorber

36
Q

what is the function of the fine collagen fibers in the vitreous?

A
  • stabilize the shape of the gel

- reduce the compressibility of the gel when exposed to external pressure

37
Q

what type of collagen primarily makes up the vitreous?

A

type 2

38
Q

what type of collagen primarily makes up the lens capsule?

A

type IV (non fibrous)

39
Q

where is descemet’s membrane located?

A

under the corneal stroma

40
Q

what are the proportions/ types of collagen found in descenmet’s membrane?

A

90% type 4
10% type 5
-NO FIBERS

41
Q

what is bruchs membrane?

A

-supportive structure for the retina

42
Q

what are the two basement membranes of bruchs membrane?

A
  • pigment epithelial membrane on retinal side

- endothelial membrane on choroidal side

43
Q

what is between the two basement membranes of brucjs membrane?

A

loose connective tissue

44
Q

what type of collagen primarily makes up retinal basement membranes?

A

type IV

45
Q

type VI collagen is a major component of the ___________ of the ____________

A

-major component of the extracellular matrix of the human cornea

46
Q

type VI collagen is distributed throughout what?

A

corneal stroma

47
Q

where is type VIII found? what does it play a role in?

A
  • found in vivo in descemet’s membrane

- plays a role in structure of basement membrane

48
Q

what synthesizes type VIII collagen?

A

-corneal endothelial cells

49
Q

the vitreous contains about three times more type ____ collagen than cartilage?

A

IX

50
Q

what is keratoconus?

A
  • problems with collagen of the cornea
  • weakened cornea bulges
  • reduced VA
51
Q

the size of the diameter of the collagen fibers plays and important role in…

A

the transparency of the corneal tissue

52
Q

what plays an important role in corneal strength?

A
  • cross linking of the collagen fibers

- more cross linking=stronger

Anatomy 4 (7 decks)

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