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anatomy and physiology 1 > integumentary system > Flashcards

integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system? (4)

A

body’s outer layer

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2
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

Defense against bacteria, protection from injury/sunlight, maintains body balance.

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3
Q

name the three layers of skin

A

epidermis dermis and subcutaneous layer

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4
Q

what is the epidermis layer?

A

outer layer made of stratified epithelium and has no blood vessels

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5
Q

what does the epidermis consist of?

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells and langerhan cells

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6
Q

What are the primary functions of the epidermis?

A

Physical and biological barrier to the environment.

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7
Q

What is the role of keratinocytes?

A

Produce keratin, a tough protective protein that makes up skin, hair, and nails.

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8
Q

where is meloncytes located?

A

basal layer

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9
Q

what does melanocytes produce?

A

pigment melanin

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10
Q

role of melanocytes

A

providing protection and the absorption of ultraviolet rays.

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11
Q

where is merkel cells located?

A

small number in basal layer

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12
Q

role of merkel cells

A

sensation and are assoicated with sensory nerve endings.

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13
Q

what is langerhans cells apart of ?

A

bodys immune system

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14
Q

what is the role of langerhans

A

activate the immune response espically T helper cells

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15
Q

What is the stratum lucidum?

A

Clear cell layer

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16
Q

where is stratum lucidum layer present?

A

thick skin

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16
Q

What happens to the stratum lucidum after injury or trauma?

A

Increased cell production forms calluses or corns.

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of stratum lucidum cells?

A

Flattened and closely packed.

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18
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Prickle cell layer.

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19
Q

What is the function of the stratum spinosum?

A

Protects against shearing forces or trauma.

20
Q

Where do the cells of the stratum spinosum move?

A

Upwards above the basal layer.

21
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

uppermost part of the epidermis.

22
Q

What is the composition of the stratum corneum?

A

Thin, flat, non-nucleated dead cells.

22
Q

What happens to the cells in the stratum corneum?

A

shed from the skin.

23
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

Granular layer where fine granules are formed.

24
Q

What do the granules in the stratum granulosum become?

A

Precursors of keratin, replacing the cytoplasm.

25
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

he basal layer, closest to the dermis and dermo-epidermal junction.

26
Q

What happens in the stratum basale?

A

Cell division occurs.

27
Q

How long does it take for cells to migrate from the stratum basale to be shed?

A

12-18 days.

28
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A

network of connective tissue, mainly collagen.

29
Q

What does the connective tissue in the dermis provide?

A

Strength and elasticity.

30
Q

How does the dermis compare to the epidermis in thickness?

A

dermis is much thicker than the epidermis.

31
Q

What is the main function of the dermis?

A

Support the epidermis and provide a protective pad for deeper structures.

32
Q

What specialized cells are found in the dermis? (3/4)

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells (WBCs).

33
Q

What blood-related function does the dermis have?

A

Contains blood vessels for thermoregulation.

34
Q

What muscle fibres are found in the dermis?

A

Arrector pili muscle fibres.

35
Q

What does the dermis have a rich supply of?

A

Nerves.

36
Q

What vessels are found in the dermis?

A

Lymph vessels.

37
Q

What glands are found in the dermis?

A

Sweat glands.

38
Q

How is thermoregulation controlled in the skin?

A

complex network of blood vessels in the dermis.

39
Q

What is the superficial plexus?

A

network of interconnecting arterioles near the epidermal border.

40
Q

What do the vessels in the superficial plexus do?

A

Wrap around dermal structures to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells.

41
Q

What do autonomic nerves supply in the skin? (3)

A

Blood vessels, sweat glands, and arrector pili muscles.

42
Q

Which areas of the skin have more sensory receptors? (3)

A

Lips, fingertips, genitalia.

43
Q

What do Krause corpuscles sense? (2)

A

Cold and vibrations.

44
Q

Where are Krause corpuscles found? (2)

A

skin and mucous membrane

45
Q

What do Merkel cells detect? (3)

A

Pain, irritation, and temperature.

46
Q

Where are Merkel cells found?

A

basal layer of the epidermis and dermis.

47
Q
A

anatomy and physiology 1 (6 decks)

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