Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy and physiology 1 > cell biology > Flashcards

cell biology Flashcards

1
Q

whats the order of structural organisation of the human body?

A

Atom
* Molecules
* Organelle
* Cell
* Tissue
* Organ
* Organ Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a cell?

A

basic unit of life able to carry out all life processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do cells contain?

A

organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define organelles

A

structures that have specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define specilised tissues

A

specilised cells that work togther to form a specilised tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how can tissues be diverse in structure and function?

A

depends on cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are epithelal cells turn into?

A

intergemuary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do osteocytes (bone cells) turn into

A

skeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does cilated columar epithileum turn into?

A

respitaoray system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the skeletal muscle cell turn into

A

muscular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the nerve cells turn into

A

nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does red blood cells turn into?

A

circualtory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cuboial epthielum cell

A

digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is DNA in the form of?

A

chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what should all cell have these functions

A

celluar respiration for ATP
exchange gases
divide and grow
seceret important proteins
communcate with other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where are ribosomes made?

A

nuclueous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 things about mitochondria?

A

cell surival
metablises glucose to produce ATP
glucose + oxgen = c02 + 02 +ATP
contains DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

function of RER

A

process and folds protein produced on ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of ER

A

sythesis lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of golgi body

A

packaging and sorting proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do carbonhydrates do ?

A

modify protiens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is carbonhydrate known as

A

glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what can gogli body seceret?

A

protiens to outside of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do lysosomes contain ?

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how many enzymes are ther?

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what do lysosomes do

A

break down old damage bacteria organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what can lysosomes also do

A

destroy viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the pH of lysosomes

A

5 acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

function of cytoskeleton

A

mainatin cell structure, allow cell change shape and moves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are cytoskeleton made of? (3)

A

microtubules
microfilaments
intermidate filaments

30
Q

what do cytoskeleton constantly do?

A

assmebling and disassembling

31
Q

does the cytoplasm include nucleus

A

no

32
Q

does the cytosol have nuclues

A

yes

33
Q

what is both cytoplasm and cytosol and contain?

A

jelly like fluid containing sugar protiens and ions

34
Q

list 3 things cell membrane does

A

separates outside and inside of cell
controls movement of susbtances inside and out of cells
keeps atom and molecules at optimum concentration inside and outside of cells

35
Q

what is the cell membrane made up of?

A

phospho lipid molcues

36
Q

which part is hydrophoic

A

lipid the long line inside of the two heads

37
Q

which part is hydrophillic

A

phospoahte head

38
Q

why does the lipid face inwards

A

hydrophobic

39
Q

why does the phosphate head face inwards

A

hydrophillic

40
Q

what type of membrane is the cell

A

selectively permeable

41
Q

which gases can pass thru cell membrane (5) include the speed

A

02 -fast
c02-fast
water -slow
ethanol-slow
lipid molecules- fast

42
Q

which gases cannot pass thru cell membrane

A

large polar molecules glucose and amino acid
ions

43
Q

why are large molcules repelled

A

hydropobic lipids

44
Q

why are ions repelled

A

ions are hydrophillic so repells hydrophobic lipids

45
Q

3 things membrane proteins do?

A

Control transport of ions and
larger molecules in/out of cells
* Allow cell-cell communication
* Allow cells to respond to
stimuli

46
Q

what does cholestrol do

A

provides stablilty to the membrane

47
Q

what is passive transport

A

doesnt require ATP

48
Q

facillated diffusion

A

movement of large or charged molcules using membrane protein

49
Q

define atp

A

does requires energy to
move materials through the cell
membrane from low to high
concentration (opposite to
diffusion!)
* Substances move against the
concentration gradient

50
Q

endocytosis

A

moves
large molecules or
fluids into the cell

51
Q

extoxytosis

A

moves
large molecules

52
Q

the way active transport works

A

Pumps 3 Na+ out
of the cell and 2K+
into the cell to
maintain the correct
ionic balance in/out
of the cell

53
Q

what is CF caused by

A

defect in a
single transmembrane protein: cystic fibrosis
transmembrane conductance regulator

54
Q

what is CFTR protein

A

ion channel membrane
protein that transports Cl– ions out of the cell

55
Q

what does the defect prevent

A

chloride ions moving out of
the cell

56
Q

what do phagocytosis do

A

bacteria engulfed by the cell and the digested by lysosome enzymes

57
Q

intercullar signalling

A

Between different cells

58
Q

Intracellular Signalling

A

Within the cell membrane,
organelles and nucleus of
one cell

59
Q

Atrophy

A

shrinkage due to underuse

60
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in size

61
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increased number of
cells

62
Q

Metaplasia

A

cells switch to another
type

63
Q

Dysplasia

A

cells increase in number
and become disorganised

64
Q

list 4 things about Apoptosis

A
  • Organised and programmed cell
    death
  • Dying cells shrink
  • Removes old or damaged cells
  • Shapes fingers in foetal
    development
65
Q

necrosis list 3 things about it

A

Necrosis
* Disorganised and non-
programmed
* Due to injury or trauma
* Dying cells swell up/leak
contents

66
Q

What is cell senescence and what factors influence its rate? (3)

A

This is the gradual
deterioration of function
in body cells
Due to natural aging
processes
How fast senescence
occurs may depend on
lifestyle and/or genetics

67
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances

68
Q

Centrosome (Centrioles)

A

Involved in cell division (mitosis) by organizing microtubules

69
Q

Vacuoles

A

Storage of nutrients, waste products, and other materials.

70
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities

71
Q

Microtubules

A

Provide structural support for the cell, help with cell shape

72
Q

Microfilaments (actin)

A

Help maintain cell shape, enable cell movement

73
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Provide mechanical strength and structural support to the cell

anatomy and physiology 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions