Integumentary system Flashcards
what are the three skin layers and their functions
epidermis - made up of epithelial tissue depositing keratin that acts as a protective barrier.
dermis - made up of connective tissue, collagen = rigidity, elastin = elasticity.
subcutaneous layer - made up of adipose tissue, protects and stores fat via adipocytes.
what are the 2 types of sweat glands
eccrine -
appocrine -
what are the 5 functions of adipose tissue
protection
reduce heat loss
store energy
support organs
padding around joints
what are the 7 skin functions
protection
body temperature regulation
absorption
sensation
secretion
excretion
vitamin D production
how does temperature regulation differ in babies (4)
hypothalamus is not fully developed.
no proper shivering mechanism.
higher critical temperature.
adipose tissue around the neck area is well supplied with blood and therefore actively generates heat.
how does temperature regulation differ in the elderly
vasoconstriction doesn’t occur resulting in greater heat loss.
shivering response breaks down.
slower metabolism rate.
what can tissue damage lead to (3)
dying cells
infection risk
bleeding
what are the 3 wound classifications
superficial - epidermis (graze)
partial thickness (laceration)
full-thickness - all 3 layers & bone
what are the 3 burn classifications
superficial - epidermis
2nd - epidermis
3rd - all 3 layers
what are the 3 wound healing stages
inflammatory
proliferation
remodelling stage
what is inflammation and what are the 5 symptoms
non-specific response to damage in the body
redness
heat
oedema/swelling
pain
loss of function
what happens in the inflammatory stage of wound healing (4)
blood clots to stop bleeding.
neutrophils remove debris (bacteria, dead skin cells).
The clot is tailored to prevent blocking a vessel.
tissue is repaired.
what happens in the proliferation stage of wound healing (4)
damaged tissue is replaced and collagen is dissolved.
epithelial cells are replaced.
connective tissue is replaced.
blood cells are replaced.
what happens in the remodelling stage of wound healing (2)
oxygen-rich blood cells create new tissue.
chemical signals tell cells to create collagen to act as a scaffold.
occurs 21 days - 2 years after injury
what factors affect wound healing (8)
poor blood supply
age
diabetes
high blood pressure
obesity
vascular disease
smoking
nutritional status
