integumentary system Flashcards
differentiate the 2 layers of the integument
epidermis - thinner, protected by hair, some areas thickened with keratin, NO BLOOD VESSEL
dermis - thicker, VASCULAR: contains nerve endings, blood vessels and hair follicles
what is keratin
fibrous protein that constitute the nails, claws, hooves and hair
what are the layers of the epidermis in order from the most superficial
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
function of stratum corneum
dry dead layer prevents penetration of microorganisms and prevents dehydration, provides protection against aberration for the deeper layers
function of stratum lucidum
found only in the thick skin of the body such as palm, ankle, etc
function and appearance of stratum granulosum
grainy appearance under microscope because of its capability to generate large amount of keratin
function and appearance of stratum spinosum
spiny appearance due to protruding cell processes allowing them to communicate
function of stratum basale
mitotic activity of the epidermis
other name for stratum basale
stratum germinativum
what layer of skin are the vaccines shot in
subcutaneous layer
what is the subcutaneous layer
fat layer
what is under the dermis layer of the skin
subcutaneous tissue/layer
characteristic structure of mammals
hair
hair exists in whales as
bristles
responsible for goosebumps
arrector pili muscle
hair that adheres to each other when wet
guard hair
hair for insulation
under hair
hair that provides coloration
guard hair
hair that is dense and soft
under hair
layers of the hair
medulla - center
cortex - middle layer
cuticle - outermost layer
what is the cuticle made of
imbricated scales
layer of hair with pigments granules
cortex
center layer of the hair
medulla
differentiate horns and antlers
horns - not shed, not branched and continuously grow, hollow sheath of keratinized epidermis
antlers - branched, shed after breeding season, composed of solid bone
highly vascular soft skin that covers the antlers during annual spring growth
velvet
differentiate apocrine gland and eccrine gland
apocrine - larger, release content thru hair follicle, correlated with reproductive cycle, not involved in heat regulation, milky fluid
eccrine - smaller, release content directly in the epidermis, found all over the body (occur in hairless regions), cools down skin if evaporated, watery fluid
polite fat
sebum
gland cells are secreted in their ENTIRETY and are continuously renewed by cell division
sebaceous gland
mammary glands are modified __ gland
apocrine
gland that is rudimentary form in all male mammals
mammary glands
lack nipples
monotremes
tubular, highly coiled glands that occur over much of the body surfaces in most mammals
sweat glands
gland for communication with members of same species
scent glands
glands for marking territorial boundaries
scent glands
glands for warning or defense
scent
