cell cycle

Question 1

part of interphase when dna replicates

Answer 1

s phase

Question 2

what happens during g1 phase

Answer 2

increase cell growth and number of cytoplasmic structure, 2x chromosome, preparation for mitosis - some carry destined cells

Question 3

what happens in g2 phase

Answer 3

biochemical preparation

Question 4

near centrosome, radiall array of short microtubules

Answer 4

asters

Question 5

diploid vs haploid cells

Answer 5

diploid = 2n, mitosis, chromosomes = 46
haploid = n, meiosis, chromosomes = 23

Question 6

made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis

Answer 6

mitotic spindle

Question 7

begins with centrosome at opposite poles

Answer 7

spindle microtubules

Question 8

centrosome + spindle microtubules + asters

Answer 8

spindle

Question 9

middle part of sister chromatids

Answer 9

centrosomes

Question 10

protein coat where spindles attach

Answer 10

kinetochore

Question 11

ordered display of pairs of chromosome

Answer 11

karyotype

Question 12

2 chromosomes in a pair which are same length and shape

Answer 12

homologs

Question 13

which of the chromosomes are not homologs

Answer 13

sex chromosomes

Question 14

aside from the sex chromosomes, the remaining 22 pairs or homologs are called

Answer 14

autosomes

Question 15

site of cross-over

Answer 15

chiasmata

Question 16

what ensures genetic variation

Answer 16

independent assortment of chromosomes, crossing over, random fertilization

Question 17

regulatory proteins in cell cycle control system

Answer 17

cyclin, cyclin-dependent kinase

Question 18

function of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase

Answer 18

triggers the maturation-promoting factor, allowing it to pass the g2 checkpoint

Question 19

where is m checkpoint located

Answer 19

before anaphase

Question 20

external factors for cell cycle

Answer 20

growth factors - stimulate other cells to divide
density-dependent inhibition - crowded cells will stop dividing

Question 21

normal cell to cancerous cell

Answer 21

transformation

Question 22

differentiate benign vs malignant tumor

Answer 22

benign: stay at original site, slow growth rate, usually encapsulated, usually expansive, slight harm
malignant: invade surrounding tissue, rapid growth rate, invasive, rarely encapsulated, significant harm

Question 23

cell division of prokaryotes

Answer 23

binary fission