Animal cell

Question 1

process of taking cell apart and separating major organelles from one another

Answer 1

cell fractionation

Question 2

basic features of all cells (4)

Answer 2

plasma membrane
semifluid substance - cytosol
chromosomes - carry genes
ribosomes - make proteins

Question 3

prokaryotic vs eukaryotic

Answer 3

prokaryotic - no true nucleus, lacks nuclear membrane, genetic material is in nucleic region, no membrane-bound organelles

eukaryotic - with true nucleus, bounded by nuclear envelope, genetic material within nucleus, contains cytoplasm with cytosol and membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

differentiate sem and tem

Answer 4

sem - focuses on surface of specimen and provides 3d image

tem - used to study internal structure

Question 5

how many layers does the nuclear membrane have

Answer 5

2 - lipid bilayer

Question 6

site for rRNA synthesis

Answer 6

nucleolus

Question 7

nuclear size of the envelope is lined by

Answer 7

nuclear lamina

Question 8

composition of nuclear lamina

Answer 8

proteins

Question 9

function of nuclear lamina

Answer 9

maintains shape of nucleus

Question 10

function of ribosomes

Answer 10

protein synthesis

Question 11

where are free ribosomes located

Answer 11

cytosol

Question 12

ribosomes within the ER or nuclear envelope

Answer 12

bound ribosomes

Question 13

parts of endomembrane system (6)

Answer 13

nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane

Question 14

functions of smooth ER (4 - SMDS or LCDPC)

Answer 14

synthesize lipids,
metabolizes carbohydrates,
detoxifies drugs and poisons,
stores calcium ions

Question 15

functions of rough ER

Answer 15

secrete glycoproteins
distribute transport vesicles
membrane factory for the cell

Question 16

flattened membranous sacs in golgi apparatus

Answer 16

cisternae

Question 17

functions of golgi apparatus

Answer 17

modifies products of the ER
manufactures certain macromolecules
sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

Question 18

membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules

Answer 18

lysosomes

Question 19

lysosomal enzymes work best in what environment

Answer 19

acidic environment

Question 20

where are hydrolytic enzymes and lysosomal membranes made

Answer 20

rough ER

Question 21

type of vacuole formed by phagocytosis

Answer 21

food vacuole

Question 22

type of vacuole found in many freshwater protists

Answer 22

contractile vacuole

Question 23

vacuole that pumps excess water out of cells

Answer 23

contractile vacuole

Question 24

vacuole found in many mature plant cells holding organic compounds and water

Answer 24

central vacuole

Question 25

function of mitochondria

Answer 25

site of cellular respiration (powerhouse of the cell)

Question 26

function of chloroplast

Answer 26

site of photosynthesis

Question 27

evidences of endosymbiont theory

Answer 27

mitochondria and chloroplast both have: double membrane envelope free ribosomes circular DNA grow and reproduce somewhat independently in cells

Question 28

what is the endosymbiont theory

Answer 28

suggests that an early ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed an oxygen-using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cell which formed a relationship with the host cell, becoming an endosymbiont

Question 29

folds inside the mitochondria

Answer 29

cistae

Question 30

2 compartments of the inner membrane of mitochondria

Answer 30

intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix

Question 31

produce hydrogen peroxide and convert to water

Answer 31

peroxisomes

Question 32

network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

Answer 32

cytoskeleton

Question 33

helps support the cell and maintain its shape

Answer 33

cytoskeleton

Question 34

thickest of the 3 cytoskeleton components

Answer 34

microtubules

Question 35

functions of microtubules

Answer 35

maintains cell shape cell motility chromosome movement in cell division organelle movements

Question 36

composition of centrosome

Answer 36

pair of centrioles each with 9 triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring

Question 37

function of microtubules in cilia and flagella

Answer 37

control the beating

Question 38

common structure of cilia and flagella

Answer 38

CORE OF MICROTUBULES sheathed by the plasma membrane BASAL BODY that anchors the cilium or flagellum motor protein called DYNEIN - drives the bending movement of cilium or flagellum

Question 39

thinnest of the components of cytoskeleton

Answer 39

microfilaments

Question 40

functions of microfilaments

Answer 40

maintains cell shape changes in cell shape muscle contraction cell motility division of animal cells

Question 41

fibers with diameters in between the microfilaments and microtubules

Answer 41

intermediate filaments

Question 42

functions of intermediate filaments

Answer 42

maintenance of cell shape anchorage of nucleus and other organelles formation of nuclear lamina

Question 43

animal cell lack cell walls but are covered by an elaborate __

Answer 43

extracellular matrix

Question 44

composition of ECM

Answer 44

glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans and fibronectin

Question 45

ECM proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called

Answer 45

integrins

Question 46

cell junction where cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid

Answer 46

tight junctions

Question 47

cell junction which fasten cells together into strong sheets

Answer 47

desmosomes

Question 48

cell junctions also called anchoring junctions and give the impression of sew-like look

Answer 48

desmosomes

Question 49

cell junctions that provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells

Answer 49

gap junctions

Question 50

cell junctions also called communicating junctions

Answer 50

gap junctions

Question 51

function of microfilaments in amoeba

Answer 51

gives them drive to extend their pseudopodia